Sung, H. et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71, 209–249 (2021).

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Williams, C. J. M. et al. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for dMMR and pMMR colorectal cancers: therapeutic strategies and putative biomarkers of response. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 21, 839–851 (2024).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Veglia, F., Sanseviero, E. & Gabrilovich, D. I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 485–498 (2021).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gabrilovich, D. I., Ostrand-Rosenberg, S. & Bronte, V. Coordinated regulation of myeloid cells by tumours. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 12, 253–268 (2012).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou, J., Nefedova, Y., Lei, A. & Gabrilovich, D. Neutrophils and PMN-MDSC: their biological role and interaction with stromal cells. Semin. Immunol. 35, 19–28 (2018).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Limagne, E. et al. Accumulation of MDSC and Th17 cells in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer predicts the efficacy of a FOLFOX-bevacizumab drug treatment regimen. Cancer Res. 76, 5241–5252 (2016).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DePeaux, K. & Delgoffe, G. M. Metabolic barriers to cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 785–797 (2021).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Certo, M., Tsai, C.-H., Pucino, V., Ho, P.-C. & Mauro, C. Lactate modulation of immune responses in inflammatory versus tumour microenvironments. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 151–161 (2020).

Watson, M. J. et al. Metabolic support of tumour-infiltrating regulatory T cells by lactic acid. Nature 591, 645–651 (2021).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Noe, J. T. et al. Lactate supports a metabolic-epigenetic link in macrophage polarization. Sci. Adv. 7, eabi8602 (2021).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lundø, K., Trauelsen, M., Pedersen, S. F. & Schwartz, T. W. Why Warburg works: lactate controls immune evasion through GPR81. Cell Metab. 31, 666–668 (2020).

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roland, C. L. et al. Cell surface lactate receptor GPR81 is crucial for cancer cell survival. Cancer Res. 74, 5301–5310 (2014).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Waldman, A. D., Fritz, J. M. & Lenardo, M. J. A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 651–668 (2020).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van der Leun, A. M., Thommen, D. S. & Schumacher, T. N. CD8+ T cell states in human cancer: insights from single-cell analysis. Nat. Rev. Cancer 20, 218–232 (2020).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lucas, C. et al. Autophagy of intestinal epithelial cells inhibits colorectal carcinogenesis induced by colibactin-producing Escherichia coli in ApcMin/+ mice. Gastroenterology 158, 1373–1388 (2020).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Neufert, C. et al. Inducible mouse models of colon cancer for the analysis of sporadic and inflammation-driven tumor progression and lymph node metastasis. Nat. Protoc. 16, 61–85 (2020).

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mombaerts, P. et al. RAG-1-deficient mice have no mature B and T lymphocytes. Cell 68, 869–877 (1992).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Philip, M. & Schietinger, A. CD8+ T cell differentiation and dysfunction in cancer. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 22, 209–223 (2021).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ozga, A. J., Chow, M. T. & Luster, A. D. Chemokines and the immune response to cancer. Immunity 54, 859–874 (2021).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chun, E. et al. CCL2 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by enhancing polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell population and function. Cell Rep. 12, 244–257 (2015).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Subramanian, A. et al. Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15545–15550 (2005).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liberzon, A. et al. Molecular signatures database (MSigDB) 3.0. Bioinformatics 27, 1739–1740 (2011).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang, X. et al. FAP promotes immunosuppression by cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment via STAT3–CCL2 signaling. Cancer Res. 76, 4124–4135 (2016).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fornes, O. et al. JASPAR 2020: update of the open-access database of transcription factor binding profiles. Nucleic Acids Res. 48, D87–D92 (2019).

PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song, H., Wang, R., Wang, S. & Lin, J. A low-molecular-weight compound discovered through virtual database screening inhibits Stat3 function in breast cancer cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 4700–4705 (2005).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lobingier, B. T. et al. An approach to spatiotemporally resolve protein interaction networks in living cells. Cell 169, 350–360 (2017).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Oughtred, R. et al. The BioGRID database: a comprehensive biomedical resource of curated protein, genetic, and chemical interactions. Protein Sci. 30, 187–200 (2020).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rastogi, S. & Rost, B. LocDB: experimental annotations of localization for Homo sapiens and Arabidopsis thaliana. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, D230–D234 (2011).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fu, H., Subramanian, R. R. & Masters, S. C. 14-3-3 proteins: structure, function, and regulation. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 40, 617–647 (2000).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Machleidt, T. et al. NanoBRET—a novel BRET platform for the analysis of protein–protein interactions. ACS Chem. Biol. 10, 1797–1804 (2015).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jumper, J. et al. Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold. Nature 596, 583–589 (2021).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Le Guilloux, V., Schmidtke, P. & Tuffery, P. Fpocket: an open source platform for ligand pocket detection. BMC Bioinformatics 10, 168 (2009).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kumar, B. A., Kumari, P., Sona, C. & Yadav, P. N. GloSensor assay for discovery of GPCR-selective ligands. Methods Cell Biol. 142, 27–50 (2017).

McQueen, E. G., Doyle, A. E. & Smirk, F. H. Mechanism of hypotensive action of reserpine, an alkaloid of Rauwolfia serpentina. Nature 174, 1015 (1954).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Andreatta, M. et al. Interpretation of T cell states from single-cell transcriptomics data using reference atlases. Nat. Commun. 12, 2965 (2021).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Akkari, L. et al. Defining myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 24, 850–857 (2024).

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Le, D. T. et al. PD-1 blockade in tumors with mismatch-repair deficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 2509–2520 (2015).

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu, W. et al. Reprogramming immunosuppressive myeloid cells facilitates immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. EMBO Mol. Med. 13, e12798 (2020).

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Song, W. et al. Synergistic and low adverse effect cancer immunotherapy by immunogenic chemotherapy and locally expressed PD-L1 trap. Nat. Commun. 9, 2237 (2018).

PubMed  PubMed Central