To describe the histopathology of migraine-inducing mucosal compression between the superior turbinate and septum.

Observational case control series.

Primary author's private practice.

Superior turbinates in contact with the nasal septum in four migraine patients were excised, variously stained, and examined histologically. Superior turbinates free of contact with septum from three patients without migraine served as controls.

Compared to control turbinates, we found epithelial denudation, fibrosis, calcification, fewer glands, and nerve fiber hypertrophy in the mucosa of superior turbinates of migraine patients. All four of these patients improved substantially after superior turbinate resection.

Areas of mucosal contact/compression from superior turbinates of migraine patients show pathologic changes that are apparently responsible for migraine symptoms. This is the first study we know of that demonstrates pathologic changes in the turbinates of patients with mucosal contact headaches.

Level of Evidence: 4

Histopathology

Superior turbinate

Mucosal contact

Headache

Migraine

© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.