Available online 3 July 2025

Author links open overlay panel, , , , Section snippetsAbbreviationsARVs

antiretrovirals

CBD

cannabidiol

CYP

cytochrome P450

DDIs

drug-drug interactions

ECDC

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

EMIS

European Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men Internet Survey

GBL

gamma-butyrolactone

GHB

gamma-hydroxybutyrate

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

The increasing prevalence of chemsex constitutes a significant public health challenge. Chemsex, defined as the use of psychoactive substances in order to enhance and prolong sexual activity, is primarily associated with

Disclosure of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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