Does the way we explicitly reflect on our bodily, mental, and social self relate to our implicit bodily self-consciousness? To address this question, we investigated how self-reflection traits and sensory characteristics explain inter-individual variability in experiencing ownership, agency, or referral of touch over a rubber hand or virtual full-body in 70 young girls. The reduction of these embodiment feelings by an experimentally induced asynchrony between the participant's and the virtual body's stimulation (tactile or motor) can be seen as indicative of a robust bodily self-consciousness. In the visuo-motor full-body illusion, asynchrony reduced: agency more strongly in participants with a high tendency to reflect about social-self; ownership more in those with positive reflections towards the bodily self; agency and ownership more in participants with lower cardiac interoceptive accuracy. Overall, we highlight the importance of accounting for embodiment variability during asynchronous stimulation and provide novel insights into how explicit reflections about oneself relate to bodily self-consciousness’ components in girls, underscoring the need for further investigation in other populations.

Bodily self-consciousness

Explicit self-reflection

Embodiment illusion

Asynchrony

© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.