Breast cancer in men is a rare pathology, accounting for 0.5 to 1 % of all breast cancers, and only 0.2 % of cancers in men. Currently, its management is based on a model extrapolated from female breast cancer treatment strategies.

In the last few decades, some studies have observed an increase in the incidence of male breast cancer [1,2], a trend not evidenced in others [3] where the incidence remains low and stable. Comparatively, the rise in male breast cancer incidence has not been as significant as that in female breast cancer. This difference is largely attributed to the extensive screening conducted in women through mammography. However, the systematic role of mammographic screening in the male population has not been identified due to the rarity of the disease. It might, nevertheless, be beneficial in a select group of patients deemed at high risk for breast cancer [4].

Compared to women, breast cancer is an age-related pathology in men, typically affecting those in their seventh decade of life [5,6]. The risk of developing breast cancer in men increases with age; the average age of onset being 5 years higher than in women [6,3].

For women, one of the most significant risk factors is a family history of breast cancer, whereas familial breast cancers in men are rare [5]. Genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in breast cancer risk factors, notably the BRCA2 mutation, which is linked to 15 % of male breast cancers (National Cancer Institute).

The aim of this thesis was to describe the various clinical, histological, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of this pathology to contribute to the improvement of its management by analyzing these risk factors.