Sanz J, Sánchez-Quintana D, Bossone E, et al. Anatomy, function, and dysfunction of the right ventricle: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:1463–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.076.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hameed A, Condliffe R, Swift AJ, et al. Assessment of right ventricular function-a state of the art. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2023;20:194–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-023-00600-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seo Y, Ishizu T, Ieda M, et al. Right ventricular three-dimensional echocardiography: the current status and future perspectives. J Echocardiogr. 2020;18:149–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12574-020-00468-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anastasiou V, Papazoglou AS, Moysidis DV, et al. The prognostic value of right ventricular longitudinal strain in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev. 2023;28:1383–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-023-10329-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gorter TM, van Veldhuisen DJ, Bauersachs J, et al. Right heart dysfunction and failure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms and management. Position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20:16–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1029.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harjola VP, Mebazaa A, Čelutkienė J, et al. Contemporary management of acute right ventricular failure: a statement from the Heart Failure Association and the Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:226–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.478.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tadic M, Pieske-Kraigher E, Cuspidi C, et al. Right ventricular strain in heart failure: clinical perspective. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;110:562–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acvd.2017.05.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, et al. 2022 ESC/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac237.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haddad F, Spruijt OA, Denault AY, et al. Right heart score for predicting outcome in idiopathic, familial, or drug- and toxin-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8:627–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.12.029.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tadic M, Nita N, Schneider L, et al. The predictive value of right ventricular longitudinal strain in pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and valvular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8:698158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.698158.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Di Bella G, Siciliano V, Aquaro GD, et al. Right ventricular dysfunction: an independent and incremental predictor of cardiac deaths late after acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;31:379–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-014-0559-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kato TS, Jiang J, Schulze PC, et al. Serial echocardiography using tissue Doppler and speckle tracking imaging to monitor right ventricular failure before and after left ventricular assist device surgery. JACC Heart Fail. 2013;1:216–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2013.02.005.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Baumgartner H, De Backer J, Babu-Narayan SV, et al. 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:563–645. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa554.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arvanitaki A, Diller G, Giannakoulas G. The right heart in congenital heart disease. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2023;20:471–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-023-00629-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ho SY, Nihoyannopoulos P. Anatomy, echocardiography, and normal right ventricular dimensions. Heart. 2006;92(Suppl 1):i2-13. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2005.077875.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mitchell C, Rahko PS, Blauwet LA, et al. Guidelines for performing a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination in adults: recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2019;32:1–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2018.06.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:1-39.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.10.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J, et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010;23:685–713; quiz 786–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2010.05.010.

Chen L, Huang J, Wu W, et al. The impact of right ventricular function on prognosis in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;35:1009–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-019-01590-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vitarelli A, Lai S, Petrucci MT, et al. Biventricular assessment of light-chain amyloidosis using 3D speckle tracking echocardiography: differentiation from other forms of myocardial hypertrophy. Int J Cardiol. 2018;271:371–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.088.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu VCC, Takeuchi M, Otani K, et al. Effect of through-plane and twisting motion on left ventricular strain calculation: direct comparison between two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013;26:1274-81.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2013.07.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Genovese D, Rashedi N, Weinert L, et al. Machine learning-based three-dimensional echocardiographic quantification of right ventricular size and function: validation against cardiac magnetic resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2019;32:969–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2019.04.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Medvedofsky D, Addetia K, Patel AR, et al. Novel approach to three-dimensional echocardiographic quantification of right ventricular volumes and function from focused views. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28:1222–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2015.06.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Muraru D, Spadotto V, Cecchetto A, et al. New speckle-tracking algorithm for right ventricular volume analysis from three-dimensional echocardiographic data sets: validation with cardiac magnetic resonance and comparison with the previous analysis tool. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17:1279–89. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev309.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Atsumi A, Seo Y, Ishizu T, et al. Right ventricular deformation analyses using a three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiographic system specialized for the right ventricle. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2016;29:402-11.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2015.12.014.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ishizu T, Seo Y, Atsumi A, et al. Global and regional right ventricular function assessed by novel three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30:1203–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2017.08.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Badano LP, Kolias TJ, Muraru D, et al. Standardization of left atrial, right ventricular, and right atrial deformation imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a consensus document of the EACVI/ASE/Industry Task Force to standardize deformation imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19:591–600. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jey042.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seo Y, Ishizu T, Atsumi A, et al. Three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Circ J. 2014;78:1290–301. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.cj-14-0360.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lang RM, Badano LP, Tsang W, et al. EAE/ASE recommendations for image acquisition and display using three-dimensional echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012;13:1–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jer316.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murata M, Tsugu T, Kawakami T, et al. Prognostic value of three-dimensional echocardiographic right ventricular ejection fraction in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Oncotarget. 2016;7:86781–90. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13505.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar