Suicidology’s Faulty Paradigm: Suicide Overrides Superordinate Impetus for Survival (“SOSIS”)

Abel-Hirsch, N. (2010). The life instinct. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 91(5), 1055–1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00304.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abramson, L. Y., Alloy, L. B., Hogan, M. E., Whitehouse, W. G., Gibb, B. E., Hankin, B. L., & Cornette, M. M. (2000). The hopelessness theory of suicidality. In T. E. Joiner & M. D. Rudd (Eds.), Suicide science: Expanding the boundaries (pp. 17–32). Kluwer Academic. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47233-3_3

Achille-Delmas, F. (1932). Psychologie pathologique du suicide. Librairie Félix Alcan.

Google Scholar 

Adolph, K. E. (2020). An ecological approach to learning in (not and) development. Human Development, 63(3–4), 180–201. https://doi.org/10.1159/000503823

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adolph, K. E., & Robinson, S. R. (2015). Motor development. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science. Volume 2. Cognitive processes (pp. 113–157). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy204

Adolph, K. E., Kretch, K. S., & LoBue, V. (2014). Fear of heights in infants? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413498895

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Albanese, B. J., Preston, T. J., Capron, D. W., & McTeague, L. (2021). Diminished responses to external threat as a possible link between chronic/severe posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(7), 783. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001104

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ali, R. (2026). The neurobiology of suicide: how the brain overrides survival instincts. Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Student Medical Journal, 11, 57–62. https://repository.rcsi.com/articles/journal_contribution/The_neurobiology_of_suicide_how_the_brain_overrides_survival_instincts/32346813/1 

American Association of Suicidology. (2022). What Is Suicidology? Retrieved 14 September, 2025 from. https://suicidology.org/what-is-suicidology/

American Association of Suicidology. (2023). Know the signs: How to tell if someone might be suicidal. Retrieved 1 October, 2025 from https://suicidology.org/know-the-signs-how-to-tell-if-someone-might-be-suicidal/

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Author. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Book  Google Scholar 

Anestis, M. D. (2015). Emotion dysregulation and suicidality. In U. Kumar (Ed.), Suicidal behaviour: Underlying dynamics (pp. 56–65). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315760841

Anestis, M. D. (2018). Guns and suicide: An American epidemic. Oxford University Press.

Google Scholar 

Anestis, M. D., & Capron, D. W. (2016). An investigation of persistence through pain and distress as an amplifier of the relationship between suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. Journal of Affective Disorders, 196, 78–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.044

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aquinas, T. (1270/2008). Thomas Aquinas on the cardinal virtues: A summa of The Summa on justice, courage, temperance, and practical wisdom. C. Kaczor, & T. Sherman (Eds.), The Catholic University of America Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv194cpdf

Archer, J. (1988). The behavioural biology of aggression (Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press.

Google Scholar 

Arun, M., Yoganarasimha, K., Palimar, V., Kar, N., & Mohanty, M. K. (2004). Parasuicide—An approach to the profile of victims. Journal of the Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine, 26(2), 58–61.

Article  Google Scholar 

Asare-Doku, W., Osafo, J., & Akotia, C. S. (2017). The experiences of attempt survivor families and how they cope after a suicide attempt in Ghana: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 17(178), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1336-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Astraud, L.-P., Bridge, J. A., & Jollant, F. (2020). Thirty years of publications in suicidology: A bibliometric analysis. Archives of Suicide Research, 25(4), 751–764. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1746944

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aubin, H.-J., Berlin, I., & Kornreich, C. (2013). The evolutionary puzzle of suicide. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(12), 6873–6886. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10126873

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Augustine, (426 CE/1998). The City of God against the pagans (R. W. Dyson, Trans.). Cambridge University Press.

Awenat, Y. (2013). People and suicide: Lived experiences of suicidality and involvement in suicide prevention research. In N. Tarrier, P. Gooding, D. Pratt, J. Kelly, Y. Awenat, & J. Maxwell (Eds.), Cognitive behavioural prevention of suicide in psychosis (pp. 194–206). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203066881

Aysha, E.-D. (2017). Islamist suicide terrorism and Erich Fromm’s social psychology of modern times. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 5(1), 82–106. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i1.284

Article  Google Scholar 

Azmitia, E. C. (2007). Serotonin and brain: Evolution, neuroplasticity, and homeostasis. International Review of Neurobiology, 77, 31–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7742(06)77002-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baiden, P., LaBrenz, C. A., Harrell, D. R., Wood, B. M., Gobodzo, E. C., Baiden, J. F., Mets, V. E., Hagedorn, A., & Howry, S. K. (2024). Exposure to neighborhood violence and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents in the USA: Findings from a population-based study. School Mental Health, 16(1), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-023-09627-5

Article  Google Scholar 

Barlow, D. H., Durand, M., & Hofmann, S. G. (2023). Psychopathology: An integrative approach to mental disorders. Cengage.

Google Scholar 

Barrett, P. H. (1980). Metaphysics, materialism, and the evolution of mind: The early writings of Charles Darwin. University of Chicago Press.

Google Scholar 

Barzilay-Levkovitz, S., Feldman, D., Snir, A., & Apter, A. (2012). Self destructive and self harm behavior in adolescence—An integration of dynamic and empirical psychological models. Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(4), 289–295. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676611202040289

Article  Google Scholar 

Baston, R. (2024). What underlies death/suicide implicit association test measures and how it contributes to suicidal action. Philosophical Psychology, 37(5), 993-1016 https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2022.2061342

Bateson, J. (2024). Suicide: Understanding and ending a national tragedy. Johns Hopkins University Press. https://doi.org/10.56021/9781421449418

Batterham, P. J., Shand, F., & O’Dea, B. (2025). Prediction of suicidal behaviour as a three-body problem. British Journal of Psychiatry, 226(1), 49–50. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2024.183

Article  Google Scholar 

Baumeister, R. F. (1990). Suicide as escape from self. Psychological Review, 97(1), 90–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.90

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bayliss, L. T., Lamont-Mills, A., & du Plessis, C. (2024). “I will die by my own hand”: Understanding the development of suicide capability in the narratives of individuals who have attempted suicide. Qualitative Health Research, 35(6), 589–600. https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241235861

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beattie, D., & Devitt, P. (2015). Suicide: A modern obsession. Liberties Press.

Google Scholar 

Beck, A. T. (2002). Cognitive models of depression. In R. L. Leahy & E. T. Dowd (Eds.), Clinical advances in cognitive psychotherapy: Theory and application (pp. 29–61). Springer.

Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1975). Hopelessness and suicidal behavior: An overview. JAMA, 234(11), 1146–1149. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1975.03260240050026

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belsher, B. E., Smolenski, D. J., Pruitt, L. D., Bush, N. E., Beech, E. H., Workman, D. E., Morgan, R. L., Evatt, D. P., Tucker, J., & Skopp, N. A. (2019). Prediction models for suicide attempts and deaths: A systematic review and simulation. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(6), 642–651. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.0174

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Benatar, D. (2016). Suicide: A qualified defence. In D. Benatar (Ed), Life, death, and meaning: Key philosophical readings on the big questions (3rd ed., pp. 383–407). Roman & Littlefield. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216385066.Ch-019

Bennett, A. (2017). Suicide century: Literature and suicide from James Joyce to David Foster Wallace. Cambridge University Press.

Book  Google Scholar 

Bennett, S., Robb, K. A., Zortea, T., Dickson, A., Richardson, C., & O’Connor, R. C. (2023). Male suicide risk and recovery factors: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis of two decades of research. Psychological Bulletin, 149(7–8), 371–417. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000397

Article  Google Scholar 

Bergson, H. (1907/1944). Creative evolution (A. Mitchell, Trans.). Random House.

Bering, J. M. (2018). Suicidal: Why we kill ourselves. University of Chicago Press.

Book  Google Scholar 

Berman, A. L. (1991). Child and adolescent suicide: From the nomothetic to the idiographic. In A. A. Leenaars (Ed.), Life span perspectives of suicide (pp. 109–120). Plenum.

Bertini, K. (2009). Understanding and preventing suicide: The development of self-destructive patterns and ways to alter them. Praeger. https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216029274

Bharati, K., Lobo, L., & Shah, J. (2021). Revisiting suicide: From a socio-psychological lens. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003054344

Bickhard, M. H., & Campbell, D. T. (2003). Variations in variation and selection: The ubiquity of the variation-and-selective-retention ratchet in emergent organizational complexity. Foundations of Science, 8(3), 215–282. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025046917589

Article  Google Scholar 

Bjorklund, D. F. (2020). How children invented humanity: The role of development in human evolution. Oxford University Press.

Book  Google Scholar 

Black, P. (2006). Thrust to wholeness: The nature of self-protection. Review of General Psychology, 10(3), 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.10.3.191

Article  Google Scholar 

Blosnich, J. R., Ranjit, J., & Swayamdipta, S. (2026). Mortality research with artificial intelligence tools: Applying language models to the National Violent Death Reporting System Suicide Narratives, 2003–2023. American Journal of Public Health, e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2026.308618 

Boccio, D. E. (2015). A school-based suicide risk assessment protocol. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 31(1), 31–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377903.2014.963272

Article  Google Scholar 

Boccio, D. E., & Macari, A. M. (2013). Fostering worth and belonging: Applying the interpersonal theory of suicide to the workplace. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 28(3), 234–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2013.808082

Article  Google Scholar 

Boyd, N. M., & Bogen, J. (2025). Theory and observation in science. In E. N. Zalta, & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Spring 2025 ed., pp. 1–58). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2025/entries/scie

Comments (0)

No login
gif