World Health Organization. Infertility prevalence estimates, 1990–2021. World Health Organization. 2023.

Wei SQ, Paradis G, Ayoub A, Lewin A, Auger N. Assisted reproductive technology and cardiovascular outcomes in parents and offspring. Can J Cardiol. 2024;40(1):130–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2023.09.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berntsen S, Söderström-Anttila V, Wennerholm UB, Laivuori H, Loft A, Oldereid NB, Romundstad LB, Bergh C, Pinborg A. The health of children conceived by ART: ‘the chicken or the egg?’ Hum Reprod Update. 2019;25(2):137–58. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen M, Heilbronn LK. The health outcomes of human offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART). J Dev Orig Health Dis. 2017;8(4):388–402. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174417000228.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiang M, Chen S, Zhang X, Ma Y. Placental diseases associated with assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biol. 2021;21(2): 100505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100505.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Pathophysiology of placental-derived fetal growth restriction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(2S):S745–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.11.577.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Zhao W, Jiang Y, Zhang R, Wang J, Li C, Zhao H, Gao L, Cui Y, Zhou Z, Sha J, Liu J, Wang L. Ultrastructural study on human placentae from women subjected to assisted reproductive technology treatments. Biol Reprod. 2011;85(3):635–42. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.110.090589.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang F, Wang Q, Song Y, Ding J, Li H, Meng Q. Programmed frozen embryo transfer cycles are associated with a higher risk of abnormal placental development: a retrospective cohort study of singleton live births. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14: 1202044. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1202044.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sundrani DP, Joshi SR. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) and epigenetic modifications in the placenta. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2023;26(3):665–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/14647273.2021.1995901.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayder H, O’Brien J, Nadeem U, Peng C. MicroRNAs: crucial regulators of placental development. Reproduction. 2018;155(6):R259–71. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-17-0603.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suh N, Blelloch R. Small RNAs in early mammalian development: from gametes to gastrulation. Development. 2011;138(9):1653–61. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.056234.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Galliano D, Pellicer A. MicroRNA and implantation. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(6):1531–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.023.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumazaki K, Nakayama M, Suehara N, Wada Y. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, and their receptors Flt-1 and KDR in human placenta under pathologic conditions. Hum Pathol. 2002;33(11):1069–77. https://doi.org/10.1053/hupa.2002.129420.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheung CY. Vascular endothelial growth factor: possible role in fetal development and placental function. J Soc Gynecol Investig. 1997;4(4):169–77.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boldeanu L, Dijmărescu AL, Radu M, Siloşi CA, Popescu-Drigă MV, Poenariu IS, Siloşi I, Boldeanu MV, Novac MB, Novac LV. The role of mediating factors involved in angiogenesis during implantation. Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020;61(3):665–72. https://doi.org/10.47162/RJME.61.3.04.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rizov M, Andreeva P, Dimova I. Molecular regulation and role of angiogenesis in reproduction. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;56(2):127–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2016.06.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

El Hajj N, Haertle L, Dittrich M, Denk S, Lehnen H, Hahn T, Schorsch M, Haaf T. DNA methylation signatures in cord blood of ICSI children. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(8):1761–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex209.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pan Q, Chegini N. Microrna signature and regulatory functions in the endometrium during normal and disease states. Semin Reprod Med. 2008;26:479–93. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1096128.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ohlsson Teague EM, Van der Hoek KH, Van der Hoek MB, Perry N, Wagaarachchi P, Robertson SA, Print CG, Hull LM. Microrna-regulated pathways associated with endometriosis. Mol Endocrinol. 2009;23(2):265–75. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2008-0387.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hawkins SM, Creighton CJ, Han DY, Zariff A, Anderson ML, Gunaratne PH, Matzuk MM. Functional microrna involved in endometriosis. Mol Endocrinol. 2011;25(5):821–32. https://doi.org/10.1210/me.2010-0371.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McGinnis LK, Luense LJ, Christenson LK. MicroRNA in ovarian biology and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;5(9): a022962. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a022962.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Paul ABM, Sadek ST, Mahesan AM. The role of microRNAs in human embryo implantation: a review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019;36(2):179–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-018-1326-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siristatidis C, Vogiatzi P, Brachnis N, Liassidou A, Iliodromiti Z, Bettocchi S, Chrelias C. Micrornas in assisted reproduction and their potential role in IVF failure. In Vivo. 2015;29(2):169–75.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shekibi M, Heng S, Nie G. Micrornas in the regulation of endometrial receptivity for embryo implantation. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(11): 6210. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116210.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aznaurova YB, Zhumataev MB, Roberts TK, Aliper AM, Zhavoronkov AA. Molecular aspects of development and regulation of endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014;12: 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-12-50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goharitaban S, Abedelahi A, Hamdi K, Khazaei M, Esmaeilivand M, Niknafs B. Role of endometrial microRNAs in repeated implantation failure (mini-review). Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:936173. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.936173.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang S, Zheng W, Yang C, Zu R, Ran S, Wu H, Mu M, Sun S, Zhang N, Thorne RF, Guan Y. Integrated analysis of hub genes and microRNAs in human placental tissues from in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12: 774997. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.774997.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hiura H, Hattori H, Kobayashi N, Okae H, Chiba H, Miyauchi N, Kitamura A, Kikuchi H, Yoshida H, Arima T. Genome-wide microRNA expression profiling in placentae from frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. Clin Epigenetics. 2017;9:79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-017-0379-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sundrani D, Kapare A, Yadav H, Randhir K, Gupte S, Joshi S. Placental expression and methylation of angiogenic factors in assisted reproductive technology pregnancies from India. Epigenomics. 2025;17(1):21–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501911.2024.2438593.

Article  PubMed