Here we give an overview of recent theoretical and experimental work on modeling the mechanics and dynamics of the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is a multicomponent, complex and active material that is essential to cell mechanics and dynamics. We focus on one of the main components of this material, namely actin filaments. We discuss these filaments and their interactions with other proteins within the cytoskeleton. To fully understand the cytoskeleton, it is important to consider both theoretical and experimental work in calculo, in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and in situ. We review the current state of knowledge and look forward to further work to come on aspects not yet understood.