Available online 15 February 2026, 151209

Shoulder instability management has undergone important evolution and changes in the last few decades due to better understanding of biomechanics of this pathology and with the advancement of arthroscopic techniques that allow better management of these lesions. Arthroscopic Bankart Repair (ABR) has been accepted as the standard procedure for anterior shoulder instability with minimal or no bone loss, and the addition of remplissage has improved outcomes for patients with Hill Sachs lesions. However, there are several controversies regarding surgical management of shoulder instability, especially when there is glenoid bone loss. The open Latarjet procedure is often considered the gold standard when treating bone loss; however, the complications associated with this technique have encouraged research for alternate techniques using the long head of the biceps and free bone grafts. Dynamic Anterior Stabilization (DAS) and Arthroscopic Anatomic Glenoid Reconstruction (AAGR) with bone block grafts have been gaining popularity and are associated with excellent mid-term outcomes. This article summarises the latest innovations in arthroscopic and open shoulder stabilization surgery.

Shoulder instability

Arthroscopic Bankart repair

Glenoid bone loss

Latarjet procedure

Dynamic anterior stabilization

Arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction

© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.