Preeclampsia is a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality.

Improved methods for prediction of term preeclampsia is desirable.

This study indicates that measuring PlGF at GW 24–29 might be beneficial for predicting term preeclampsia.

The performance was improved in nulliparous women with obesity and stage 1 hypertension.

PlGF might be useful as a tool for risk stratification in antenatal care.

To evaluate sFlt-1, PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio at gestational weeks (GW) 24–29 for predicting hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially term preeclampsia, in a general Swedish population.

A retrospective nested case-control study, using samples from a pregnancy biobank.

The primary outcome was the analysis of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves for sFlt-1, PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, along with cut-offs, sensitivity (including at a fixed false positive rate of 20%) and specificity values and overall efficiency for predicting term preeclampsia. Secondary outcomes included data for predicting preterm preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Subgroup analyses were performed based on risk factors for preeclampsia.

PlGF levels were reduced, and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was increased at GW 24–29 in women who developed term preeclampsia compared to controls. ROC analysis for predicting term preeclampsia using sFlt-1, PlGF and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio resulted in areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.49, 0.76, and 0.70, respectively. The predictive accuracy improved for preterm PE, with the corresponding AUCs of 0.58, 0.91 and 0.86. Subgroup analyses of nulliparous individuals with obesity and elevated blood pressure in early pregnancy increased the AUC (0.93) for predicting term preeclampsia using PlGF.

PlGF alone demonstrated superior predictive performance to sFlt-1 and the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. Enhanced predictive accuracy was observed in individuals with risk factors for preeclampsia. Hence, measuring PlGF at GW 24–29 in women attending antenatal care could help to identify women at risk of developing term PE, thereby enabling more targeted resource allocation within antenatal care.

Preeclampsia

Prediction

PlGF

sFlt-1/PlGF ratio

Hypertension

Biomarkers

© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy.