Ragab G, Elshahaly M, Bardin T. Gout: An old disease in new perspective - A review. J Adv Res. 2017;8(5):495–511.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Du L, et al. Hyperuricemia and its related diseases: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):212.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bodofsky S, et al. Advances in our understanding of gout as an auto-inflammatory disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020;50(5):1089–100.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Martinon F, et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006;440(7081):237–41.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Krainer J, Siebenhandl S, Weinhausel A. Systemic autoinflammatory Dis J Autoimmun. 2020;109:102421.
Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J. The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta. Mol Cell. 2002;10(2):417–26.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Barnett KC, et al. A 360 degrees view of the inflammasome: Mechanisms of activation, cell death, and diseases. Cell. 2023;186(11):2288–312.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Umar S, et al. Modulation of IRAK4 as a therapeutic strategy against monosodium urate- and xanthine-induced inflammation in macrophages and HepG2 cells. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1744393.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Schorn C, et al. Sodium overload and water influx activate the NALP3 inflammasome. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(1):35–41.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
So AK, Martinon F. Inflammation in gout: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(11):639–47.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chevriaux A, et al. Cathepsin B Is Required for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Macrophages, Through NLRP3 Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:167.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Martinon F, Mayor A, Tschopp J. The inflammasomes: guardians of the body. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:229–65.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Abhishek A, Valdes AM, Doherty M. Low omega-3 fatty acid levels associate with frequent gout attacks: a case control study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(4):784–5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Scanu A, et al. High-density lipoproteins inhibit urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(3):587–94.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gersch C, et al. Inactivation of nitric oxide by uric acid. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2008;27(8):967–78.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Glantzounis GK, et al. Uric acid and oxidative stress. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11(32):4145–51.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Joosten LAB, et al. Asymptomatic hyperuricaemia: a silent activator of the innate immune system. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16(2):75–86.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lanaspa MA, et al. Uric acid induces hepatic steatosis by generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress: potential role in fructose-dependent and -independent fatty liver. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(48):40732–44.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Imaram W, et al. Radicals in the reaction between peroxynitrite and uric acid identified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010;49(2):275–81.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Braga TT, et al. Soluble Uric Acid Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Sci Rep. 2017;7:39884.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Li J et al. Engineering macrophage via biomaterial-mediated mitochondrial regulation: mechanisms and strategies. Research. 2025;8:0883.
Gu W, Zhao J, Xu Y. Hyperuricemia-induced complications: dysfunctional macrophages serve as a potential bridge. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1512093.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen C, et al. Monosodium urate crystals with controlled shape and aspect ratio for elucidating the pathological progress of acute gout. Biomater Adv. 2022;139:213005.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ma Q, Steiger S. Neutrophils and extracellular traps in crystal-associated diseases. Trends Mol Med. 2024;30(9):809–23.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Major TJ, et al. A genome-wide association analysis reveals new pathogenic pathways in gout. Nat Genet. 2024;56(11):2392–406.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Merriman TR, Rosas-Chavez F, Stamp LK. The genetics of gout: translation into clinical practice. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2025;17:1759720X251366360.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang H, et al. Role of NINJ1 in Gout Flare and Potential as a Drug Target. J Inflamm Res. 2022;15:5611–20.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Agrawal M, et al. TET2-mutant clonal hematopoiesis and risk of gout. Blood. 2022;140(10):1094–103.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cobo I, et al. Particle uptake by macrophages triggers bifurcated transcriptional pathways that differentially regulate inflammation and lysosomal gene expression. Immunity. 2025;58(4):826–e8428.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ji A, et al. Novel Genetic Loci in Early-Onset Gout Derived From Whole-Genome Sequencing of an Adolescent Gout Cohort. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2025;77(1):107–15.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kim SK, Choe JY, Park KY. Ethanol Augments Monosodium Urate-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via Regulation of AhR and TXNIP in Human Macrophages. Yonsei Med J. 2020;61(6):533–41.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Edenberg HJ. The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants. Alcohol Res Health. 2007;30(1):5–13.
Comments (0)