Anbi AA, Jahdi NS, Ranjbar F, Hakimi S. Postpartum depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder and resultant risk factors among teenage mothers: a community-based study. Discov Public Health. 2024;21:149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-024-00282-y.

Article  Google Scholar 

Arditi-Arbel B, Hamdan S, Winterman M, Gvion Y. Suicidal ideation and behavior among perinatal women and their association with sleep disturbances, medical conditions, and known risk factors. Front Psychiatry. 2023;13:987673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.987673.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Austin MP, Kildea S, Sullivan E. Maternal mortality and psychiatric morbidity in the perinatal period: challenges and opportunities for prevention in the Australian setting. Med J Aust. 2007;186(7):364–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baldini V, Gnazzo M, De Ronchi D, Carotenuto M, Pera MC, Fiorillo A. Traumatic childbirth experiences and their association with postpartum psychiatric disorders: A systematic review. Psychiatr Q. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-025-10180-4.

Baldini V, Di Stefano R, Rindi LV, Ahmed AO, Koola MM, Solmi M, et al. Association between adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behavior in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2023;329:115488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115488.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Battle CL, Salisbury AL, Schofield CA, Ortiz-Hernandez S. Perinatal antidepressant use: understanding women’s preferences and concerns. J Psychiatr Pract. 2013;19(6):443–53.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Belete H, Misgan E. Suicidal behaviour in postnatal mothers in northwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(9):e027449. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027449.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bernert RA, Kim JS, Iwata NG, Perlis ML. Sleep disturbances as an evidence-based suicide risk factor. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2015;17(3):554.

Beydoun HA, Beydoun MA, Kaufman JS, Lo B, Zonderman AB. Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(6):1056–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.06.034.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bodnar-Deren S, Klipstein K, Fersh M, Shemesh E, Howell EA. Suicidal ideation during the postpartum period. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016;25(12):1219–24. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5346.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boisvert C, Talarico R, Gandhi J, Kaluzienski M, Dingwall-Harvey AL, Rennicks White R, et al. Screening for postpartum depression and risk of suicidality with obstetrical patients: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):635. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05903-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen C, Okubo R, Okawa S, Hagiwara K, Mizumoto T, Higuchi N, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of suicidal ideation in women with and without postpartum depression. J Affect Disord. 2023;340:427–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.051.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comtois KA, Schiff MA, Grossman DC. Psychiatric risk factors associated with postpartum suicide attempt in Washington State, 1992–2001. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(2):120.e1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.02.011.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daehn D, Rudolf S, Pawils S, Renneberg B. Perinatal mental health literacy: knowledge, attitudes, and help-seeking among perinatal women and the public – a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;19(22):574. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04872-7.

Article  Google Scholar 

De Backer K, Pali A, Challacombe FL, Hildersley R, Newburn M, Silverio SA, et al. Women’s experiences of attempted suicide in the perinatal period (ASPEN-study) – a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):255. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-024-05686-3.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dudeney E, Coates R, Ayers S, McCabe R. Measures of suicidality in perinatal women: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2023;324:210–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.091.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Faisal-Cury A, Levy RB, Matijasevich A. The relationship between mother-child bonding impairment and suicidal ideation in São Paulo, Brazil. Matern Child Health J. 2021;25:706–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-03024-z.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freedman RL, Lucas DN. MBRRACE-UK: saving lives, improving mothers’ care – implications for anaesthetists. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2015;24(2):161–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2015.03.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gavin NI, Gaynes BN, Lohr KN, Meltzer-Brody S, Gartlehner G, Swinson T. Perinatal depression: a systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(5 Pt 1):1071–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gipson JD, Koenig MA, Hindin MJ. The effects of unintended pregnancy on infant, child, and parental health: a review of the literature. Stud Fam Plann. 2008;39(1):18–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2008.00148.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gold KJ, Singh V, Marcus SM, Palladino CL. Mental health, substance use and intimate partner problems among pregnant and postpartum suicide victims in the National Violent Death Reporting System. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2012;34:139–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.09.017.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hartling L, Milne A, Hamm MP, Vandermeer B, Ansari M, Tsertsvadze A, et al. Testing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale showed low reliability between individual reviewers. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(9):982–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.03.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Howard LM, Molyneaux E, Dennis CL, Rochat T, Stein A, Milgrom J. Non-psychotic mental disorders in the perinatal period. Lancet. 2014;384(9956):1775–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61276-9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Isobel S. Trauma and the perinatal period: a review of the theory and practice of trauma‐sensitive interactions for nurses and midwives. Nurs Open. 2023;10(12):7585–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.2017.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Khalifeh H, Hunt IM, Appleby L, Howard LM. Suicide in perinatal and non-perinatal women in contact with psychiatric services: 15 year findings from a UK national inquiry. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(3):233–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00003-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee MS, Lee JJ, Lee H. Domestic violence experience, past depressive disorder, unplanned pregnancy, and suicide risk in the first year postpartum: mediating effect of postpartum depression. Psychiatry Investig. 2024;21(10):1129–36. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2024.0105.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lindahl V, Pearson JL, Colpe L. Prevalence of suicidality during pregnancy and the postpartum. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2005;8(2):77–87.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malouf R, Harrison S, Pilkington V, Opondo C, Gale C, Stein A, et al. Factors associated with posttraumatic stress and anxiety among the parents of babies admitted to neonatal care: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2024;24(1):352. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06383-5.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manolova G, Waqas A, Chowdhary N, Salisbury TT, Dua T. Integrating perinatal mental healthcare into maternal and perinatal services in low and middle income countries. BMJ. 2023;23(381):e073343. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-073343.

Article  Google Scholar 

Martínez-Galiano JM, Rubio-Alvárez A, Ballesta-Castillejos A, Ortiz-Esquinas I, Donate-Manzanares M, Hernández-Martínez A. Risk of suicide and postpartum depression in women who feel they were treated inadequately during childbirth. Women Birth. 2025;38(1):101858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2024.101858.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matthey S, Fisher J, Rowe H. Using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen for anxiety disorders: conceptual and methodological considerations. J Affect Disord. 2013;146(2):224–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.09.009.

Meltzer-Brody S, Howard LM, Bergink V, et al. Postpartum psychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018;4:18022.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Milgrom J, Gemmill AW, Bilszta JL, Hayes B, Barnett B, Brooks J, et al. Antenatal risk factors for postnatal depression: a large prospective study. J Affect Disord. 2008;108(1–2):147–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.014.

Article