Mukherjee D. Intravascular Imaging for Optimal Left Main Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Requirement Rather Than an Option. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16(12):e013742. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.123.013742.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fassa AA, Wagatsuma K, Higano ST, Mathew V, Barsness GW, Lennon RJ, et al. Intravascular ultrasound-guided treatment for angiographically indeterminate left main coronary artery disease: a long-term follow-up study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(2):204–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.09.066.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fabris E, Stone GW. Intravascular Imaging Guidance of Left Main PCI: Nice to Have or Must Have? JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13(3):358–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2019.11.009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mukherjee D. Is Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Now the Default Revascularization Strategy for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Stenosis? J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(7):e025748. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.122.025748.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

de la Torre Hernandez JM, Hernandez Hernandez F, Alfonso F, Rumoroso JR, Lopez-Palop R, Sadaba M, et al. Prospective application of pre-defined intravascular ultrasound criteria for assessment of intermediate left main coronary artery lesions results from the multicenter LITRO study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(4):351–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.064.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang SJ, Lee JY, Ahn JM, Song HG, Kim WJ, Park DW, et al. Intravascular ultrasound-derived predictors for fractional flow reserve in intermediate left main disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4(11):1168–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2011.08.009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jasti V, Ivan E, Yalamanchili V, Wongpraparut N, Leesar MA. Correlations between fractional flow reserve and intravascular ultrasound in patients with an ambiguous left main coronary artery stenosis. Circulation. 2004;110(18):2831–6. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000146338.62813.E7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papapanagiotou AR, Karanasos A, Papageorgiou A, Papafaklis MI, Moulias A, Tsigkas G, et al. Intravascular Imaging guidance for left main interventions: the emerging role of optical coherence tomography. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2025;12(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd12120497.

Bezerra HG, Costa MA, Guagliumi G, Rollins AM, Simon DI. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography: a comprehensive review clinical and research applications. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2009;2(11):1035–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2009.06.019.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kang DY, Ahn JM, Yun SC, Park H, Cho SC, Kim TO, et al. Long-Term Clinical Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance in Stenting for Left Main Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;14(10):e011011. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.121.011011.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Andell P, Karlsson S, Mohammad MA, Gotberg M, James S, Jensen J, et al. Intravascular ultrasound guidance is associated with better outcome in patients undergoing unprotected left main coronary artery stenting compared with angiography guidance alone. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10(5). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004813.

Ladwiniec A, Walsh SJ, Holm NR, Hanratty CG, Makikallio T, Kellerth T, et al. Intravascular ultrasound to guide left main stem intervention: a NOBLE trial substudy. EuroIntervention. 2020;16(3):201–9. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-19-01003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kinnaird T, Johnson T, Anderson R, Gallagher S, Sirker A, Ludman P, et al. Intravascular Imaging and 12-Month Mortality After Unprotected Left Main Stem PCI: An Analysis From the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society Database. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13(3):346–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2019.10.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bendary A, Elsaed A, Tabl MA, Ahmed ElRabat K, Zarif B. Intravascular ultrasound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with unprotected left main coronary artery lesions. Coron Artery Dis. 2024;35(3):171–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCA.0000000000001356.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diletti R, Daemen J, Faurie B, Barbierato M, Tchetche D, Hovasse T, et al. Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided or Angiography-Guided Complex High-Risk PCI. N Engl J Med. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2601521.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao X, Kan J, Chen Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Zeng H, et al. IVUS or Angiography Guidance for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Complex Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: The DKCRUSH VIII Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2026.01.081.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Testa L, De la Torre Hernandez JM, De Maria GL, Jones DA, Pinon-Esteban P, Campo G, et al. IVUS-Guided versus Angiography-Guided PCI in Unprotected Left Main Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2600440.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Welt F. Seeing the Left Main Coronary Artery Clearly - Is IVUS Always Necessary? N Engl J Med. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2602959.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kastrati A. IVUS - A Zigzag Path to Success. N Engl J Med. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2603397.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amabile N, Range G, Souteyrand G, Godin M, Boussaada MM, Meneveau N, et al. Optical coherence tomography to guide percutaneous coronary intervention of the left main coronary artery: the LEMON study. EuroIntervention. 2021;17(2):e124–31. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-20-01121.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lazar FL, Kacso TP, Homorodean C, Ober M, Onea HL, Tataru D, et al. OCT for optimizing long-term clinical results in left main PCI-dream or reality? Results from a single-center high-volume registry. J Clin Med. 2025;14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165824.

Mehmedbegovic Z, Vukcevic V, Stojkovic S, Beleslin B, Orlic D, Tomasevic M, et al. Long-term Follow-up Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Unprotected Left Main. Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024;25(12):445. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.rcm2512445.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Holm NR, Andreasen LD, Neghabat O, Laanmets P, Kumsars I, Bennett J, et al. OCT or Angiography Guidance for PCI in Complex Bifurcation Lesions. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(16):1477–87. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2307770.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holck EN, Andreasen LD, Neghabat O, Laanmets P, Mogensen LJH, Spratt JC, et al. Optical coherence tomography versus angiographic guidance in true unprotected left main bifurcation disease: an OCTOBER substudy. EuroIntervention. 2026;22(10):566–74. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-25-01337.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murasato Y, Nakashima H, Sugino H, Arikawa M, Mori F, Ueda Y, et al. Routine intracoronary imaging-guided left main coronary intervention. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):9504. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93763-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kwon W, Lee J, Yun K, Choi K, Lee S, Lee J, et al. Clinical benefit of intravascular imaging compared to conventional angiography in left main coronary artery intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2023.

Zito A, Burzotta F, Aurigemma C, Romagnoli E, Paraggio L, Fracassi F, et al. Intravascular imaging for percutaneous coronary intervention on bifurcation and unprotected left main lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Heart. 2025;12(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2024-003026.

Fujino Y, Bezerra HG, Attizzani GF, Wang W, Yamamoto H, Chamie D, et al. Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography assessment of unprotected left main coronary artery disease-a comparison with intravascular ultrasound. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;82(3):E173–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.24843.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cortese B, Burzotta F, Alfonso F, Pellegrini D, Trani C, Aurigemma C, et al. Role of optical coherence tomography for distal left main stem angioplasty. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96(4):755–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28547.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cortese B, de la Torre Hernandez JM, Lanocha M, Ielasi A, Giannini F, Campo G, et al. Optical coherence tomography, intravascular ultrasound or angiography guidance for distal left main coronary stenting. The ROCK cohort II study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;99(3):664–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.29959.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miura K, Tada T, Shimada T, Ohya M, Murai R, Kubo S, et al. Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography versus intravascular ultrasound in percutaneous coronary intervention for the left main coronary artery. Heart Vessels. 2021;36(5):630–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-020-01742-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang DY, Ahn JM, Yun SC, Hur SH, Cho YK, Lee CH, et al. Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided or Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The OCTIVUS Randomized Clinical Trial. Circulation. 2023;148(16):1195–206. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066429.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, Bates ER, Beckie TM, Bischoff JM, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI Guideline for Coronary Artery Revascularization: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(3):e4–17. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001039.

Article  PubMed