Ilic I, Ilic M. International patterns in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in the last three decades: a joinpoint regression analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(32):4698.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hur C, Tramontano AC, Dowling EC, Brooks GA, Jeon A, Brugge WR, et al. Early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma survival is dependent on size: positive implications for future targeted screening. Pancreas. 2016;45(7):1062–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Unger JM, Fleury M. Nationally representative estimates of the participation of cancer patients in clinical research studies according to the commission on cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2021;39(28). https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2020.39.28_suppl.74.

Tran G, Harker M, Chiswell K, Unger JM, Fleury ME, Hirsch B, et al. Feasibility of cancer clinical trial enrollment goals based on cancer incidence. JCO Clin Cancer Inform. 2020;4:35–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Unger JM, Shulman LN, Facktor MA, Nelson H, Fleury ME. National estimates of the participation of patients with cancer in clinical research studies based on Commission on Cancer Accreditation data. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(18):2139–48.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bear AS, Vonderheide RH, O’Hara MH. Challenges and opportunities for pancreatic cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell. 2020;38(6):788–802.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Morrison AH, Byrne KT, Vonderheide RH. Immunotherapy and prevention of pancreatic cancer. Trends Cancer. 2018;4(6):418–28.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mukherji R, Debnath D, Hartley ML, Noel MS. The role of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Curr Oncol. 2022;29(10):6864–92.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wong W, Alouani E, Wei A, Ryu YK, Chabot JA, Manji GA. Future of immunotherapy in pancreas cancer and the trials, tribulations and successes thus far. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2021;48(1):57–68.

Schizas D, Charalampakis N, Kole C, Economopoulou P, Koustas E, Gkotsis E, et al. Immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: a 2020 update. Cancer Treat Rev. 2020;86:102016.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

McIntosh SA, Alam F, Adams L, Boon IS, Callaghan J, Conti I, et al. Global funding for cancer research between 2016 and 2020: a content analysis of public and philanthropic investments. Lancet Oncol. 2023;24(6):636–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rahib L, Wehner MR, Matrisian LM, Nead KT. Estimated projection of US cancer incidence and death to 2040. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(4):e214708-e.

Abudu R, Bouche G, Bourougaa K, Davies L, Duncan K, Estaquio C, et al. Trends in international cancer research investment 2006–2018. JCO Global Oncol. 2021;7:602–10.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yao Z, Lin Z, Wu W. Global research trends on immunotherapy in cancer: a bibliometric analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(2):2219191.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Unger JM, Xiao H, Vaidya R, LeBlanc M. Patient enrollment to industry-sponsored versus federally sponsored cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42(33):3917–25.

Prindiville SA, Sarosy GA, Loose D, Ciolino H, Doroshow JH. Patterns of enrollment in cancer treatment trials during the COVID-19 pandemic at National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers. Cancer J. 2022;28(2):111–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhou Y, Lin R, Lee JJ, Li D, Wang L, Li R, et al. TITE-BOIN12: A Bayesian phase I/II trial design to find the optimal biological dose with late-onset toxicity and efficacy. Stat Med. 2022;41(11):1918–31.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Muul LM, Leitman S, Chang AE, Ettinghausen SE, et al. Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 1985;313(23):1485–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mucileanu A, Chira R, Mircea PA. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer and its implication in novel therapies. Med Pharm Rep. 2021;94(4):402.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Farhangnia P, Khorramdelazad H, Nickho H, Delbandi A-A. Current and future immunotherapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer treatment. J Hematol Oncol. 2024;17(1):40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Farhangnia P, Akbarpour M, Yazdanifar M, Aref AR, Delbandi A-A, Rezaei N. Advances in therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints receptors within the CD96-TIGIT axis: clinical implications and future perspectives. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2022;18(12):1217–37.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ho WJ, Jaffee EM, Zheng L. The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer—clinical challenges and opportunities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2020;17(9):527–40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ullman NA, Burchard PR, Dunne RF, Linehan DC. Immunologic strategies in pancreatic cancer: making cold tumors hot. J Clin Oncol. 2022;40(24):2789–805.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Niu J, Jiang W, Fan D, Li X, Zhou W, Zhang H. Research trends on immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: a bibliometric analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(3):2269794.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Li X, Wei X, Jiang H, Lan C, Yang S, et al. PD-L1 is a direct target of cancer-FOXP3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and combined immunotherapy with antibodies against PD-L1 and CCL5 is effective in the treatment of PDAC. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5(1):38.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

O’Reilly EM, Oh D-Y, Dhani N, Renouf DJ, Lee MA, Sun W, et al. Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab for patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a phase 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5(10):1431–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Royal RE, Levy C, Turner K, Mathur A, Hughes M, Kammula US, et al. Phase 2 trial of single agent Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Immunother. 2010;33(8):828–33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Padrón LJ, Maurer DM, O’Hara MH, O’Reilly EM, Wolff RA, Wainberg ZA, et al. Sotigalimab and/or nivolumab with chemotherapy in first-line metastatic pancreatic cancer: clinical and immunologic analyses from the randomized phase 2 PRINCE trial. Nat Med. 2022;28(6):1167–77.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Byrne KT, Betts CB, Mick R, Sivagnanam S, Bajor DL, Laheru DA, et al. Neoadjuvant selicrelumab, an agonist CD40 antibody, induces changes in the tumor microenvironment in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27(16):4574–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blise KE, Sivagnanam S, Betts CB, Betre K, Kirchberger N, Tate BJ, et al. Machine learning links T-cell function and spatial localization to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2024;12(5):544–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Musher BL, Rowinsky EK, Smaglo BG, Abidi W, Othman M, Patel K, et al. LOAd703, an oncolytic virus-based immunostimulatory gene therapy, combined with chemotherapy for unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer (LOKON001): Results from arm 1 of a non-randomised, single-centre, phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2024;25(4):488–500.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dixon KO, Schorer M, Nevin J, Etminan Y, Amoozgar Z, Kondo T, et al. Functional anti-TIGIT antibodies regulate development of autoimmunity and antitumor immunity. The Journal of Immunology. 2018;200(8):3000–7.

Chauvin J-M,