Cai H, Zou J, Wang W, Yang A. BMP2 induces hMSC osteogenesis and matrix remodeling. Mol Med Rep. 2021;23(2):125. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2020.11764.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Shi K, Ditzel N, Qiu W, Figeac F, Nielsen LHD, Tencerova M, Kowal JM, Ding M, Andreasen CM, Andersen TL, Kassem M. KIAA1199 deficiency enhances skeletal stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts and promotes bone regeneration. Nat Commun. 2023;14:2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37651-1.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chung HJ, Kim WK, Oh J, Kim MR, Shin JS, Lee J, Ha IH, Lee SK. Anti-osteoporotic activity of harpagoside by upregulation of the BMP2 and Wnt signaling pathways in osteoblasts and suppression of differentiation in osteoclasts. J Nat Prod. 2017;80:434–42. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00964.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Dong X, Liao B, Zhao J, Li X, Yan K, Ren K, Zhang X, Bao X, Guo W. METTL14 mediates m(6)a modification on osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the processing of pri-miR-873. Mol Med Rep. 2023;28(3):166. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2023.13053.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dong Y, Zhang Y, Song K, Kang H, Ye D, Li F. What was the epidemiology and global burden of disease of hip fractures from 1990 to 2019? Results from and additional analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2023;481:1209–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/corr.0000000000002465.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Flamand MN, Tegowski M, Meyer KD. The proteins of mRNA modification: writers, readers, and erasers. Annu Rev Biochem. 2023;92:145–73. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-052521-035330.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Frye M, Harada BT, Behm M, He C. RNA modifications modulate gene expression during development. Science. 2018;361:1346–9. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1646.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

He M, Lei H, He X, Liu Y, Wang A, Ren Z, Liu X, Yan G, Wang W, Wang Y, Li G, Wang T, Pu J, Shen Z, Wang Y, Xie J, Du W, Yuan Y, Yang L. METTL14 regulates osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via inducing autophagy through m6A/IGF2BPs/Beclin-1 signal axis. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2022;11:987–1001. https://doi.org/10.1093/stcltm/szac049.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Huang M, Xu S, Liu L, Zhang M, Guo J, Yuan Y, Xu J, Chen X, Zou J. M6a methylation regulates osteoblastic differentiation and bone remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021;9: 783322. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.783322.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhan J, Yan Z, Chen D, Xue X, Pan X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-206 promotes osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in osteoarthritis by reducing Elf3. J Cell Mol Med. 2021;25:7734–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.16654.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jin Y, Wu A, Bian S, Teng J. Icariin upregulates methyltransferase-like 14-mediated prolyl 4-hydroxylase beta subunit m6A modification to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Exp Cell Res. 2024;440: 114138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114138.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kalluri R, LeBleu VS. The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes. Science. 2020;367(6478):eaau6977. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6977.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kamerkar S, LeBleu VS, Sugimoto H, Yang S, Ruivo CF, Melo SA, Lee JJ, Kalluri R. Exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic KRAS in pancreatic cancer. Nature. 2017;546:498–503. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22341.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhou L, Wang J, Mu W. BMP-2 promotes fracture healing by facilitating osteoblast differentiation and bone defect osteogenesis. Am J Transl Res. 2023;15(12):6751-9.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Khanka S, Somani C, Sharma K, Sharma S, Kumar A, Chattopadhyay N, Kanojiya SK, Yadav DK, Singh D. Litsea glutinosa extract promotes fracture healing and prevents bone loss via BMP2/SMAD1 signaling. J Endocrinol. 2024;261(2):e230351. https://doi.org/10.1530/joe-23-0351.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Fu G, Gong Y, Li B, Li W, Liu D, Yang X. BMP-2 promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing mitochondrial activity. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2022;22:123–31.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu J, Chen X, Yu X. Unraveling the role of N6-methylation modification: from bone biology to osteoporosis. Int J Med Sci. 2025;22:2545–59. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.108763.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu L, Guo S, Shi W, Liu Q, Huo F, Wu Y, Tian W. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promote periodontal regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A. 2021;27:962–76. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEA.2020.0141.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu T, Zheng X, Wang C, Wang C, Jiang S, Li B, Chen P, Xu W, Zheng H, Yang R, Huang X, Zhang X, Jiang L. The m(6)A “reader” YTHDF1 promotes osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through translational control of ZNF839. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12:1078. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-021-04312-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Yang D, Liu T, Chen J, Yu J, Yi P. N6-methyladenosine-mediated gene regulation and therapeutic implications. Trends Mol Med. 2023;29:454–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2023.03.005.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lu GD, Cheng P, Liu T, Wang Z. BMSC-derived exosomal miR-29a promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8: 608521. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.608521.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu W, Liu X, Qu W, Wang X, Su H, Li W, Cheng Y. Exosomes derived from fibrinogen-like protein 1-overexpressing bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis. Bioengineered. 2022;13(6):14545–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2022.2090379.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Melis S, Trompet D, Chagin AS, Maes C. Skeletal stem and progenitor cells in bone physiology, ageing and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21(3):135-53. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01039-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mi B, Xiong Y, Yan C, Chen L, Xue H, Panayi AC, Hu L, Hu Y, Zhou W, Cao F, Liu G. Methyltransferase-like 3-mediated N6-methyladenosine modification of miR-7212-5p drives osteoblast differentiation and fracture healing. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:6385–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.15284.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mick P, Fischer C. Delayed fracture healing. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2022;26:329–37. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740380.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sendinc E, Shi Y. RNA m6A methylation across the transcriptome. Mol Cell. 2023;83:428–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.006.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Steppe L, Megafu M, Tschaffon-Müller MEA, Ignatius A, Haffner-Luntzer M. Fracture healing research: recent insights. Bone Rep. 2023;19: 101686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101686.

Article  PubMed