Hyposmia as a predictor of cognitive decline in long-term Parkinson’s disease with dementia: a multicenter study in China

Aarsland D et al (2017) Cognitive decline in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 13:217–231. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2017.27

Article  Google Scholar 

Aarsland D et al (2021) Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nat Rev Dis Prim https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-021-00280-3

Baba T et al (2011) Association of olfactory dysfunction and brain. Metabolism in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc 26:621–628. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23602

Article  Google Scholar 

Baba T et al (2012) Severe olfactory dysfunction is a prodromal symptom of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease: a 3 year longitudinal study. Brain 135:161–169. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr321

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baiano C, Barone P, Trojano L, Santangelo G (2020) Prevalence and clinical aspects of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: ameta-analysis. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc 35:45–54. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27902

Article  Google Scholar 

Ben-Shlomo Y et al (2024) The epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet (London England) 403:283–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01419-8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bohnen NI, Albin RL (2011) The cholinergic system and Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 221:564–573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2009.12.048

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bohnen NI et al (2006) Cognitive correlates of cortical cholinergic denervation in Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonian dementia. J Neurol 253:242–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-005-0971-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bohnen NI et al (2010) Olfactory dysfunction, central cholinergic integrity and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 133:1747–1754. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq079

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Braak H, Rüb U, Steur J, Tredici END, K., de Vos RA (2005) Cognitive status correlates with neuropathologic stage in Parkinson disease. Neurology 64:1404–1410. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.Wnl.0000158422.41380.82

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaudhuri KR et al (2002) The Parkinson’s disease sleep scale: a new instrument for assessing sleep and nocturnal disability in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73:629–635. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.73.6.629

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen X et al (2024) Motor progression trajectories and risk of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a latent class trajectory model from PPMI cohort. CNS Neurosci Ther 30:e14918. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.14918

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

De Marchi F, Carecchio M, Cantello R, Comi C (2014) Predicting cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: can we ask the genes? Front Neurol 5:224. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00224

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Emre M et al (2007) Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc 22:1689–1707 quiz 1837. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21507

Article  Google Scholar 

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR (1975) Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12:189–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Foltynie T et al (2024) Medical, surgical, and physical treatments for Parkinson’s disease. Lancet (London England) 403:305–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01429-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frank E et al (1991) Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:851–855. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friedman JH et al (2010) Fatigue rating scales critique and recommendations by the movement disorders society task force on rating scales for Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc Soc 25:805–822. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22989

Article  Google Scholar 

Fullard ME, Morley JF, Duda JE (2017) Olfactory dysfunction as an early biomarker in Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Bull 33:515–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-017-0170-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haehner A et al (2009) Prevalence of smell loss in Parkinson’s disease–a multicenter study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 15:490–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2008.12.005

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hall H et al (2014) Hippocampal lewy pathology and cholinergic dysfunction are associated with dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 137:2493–2508. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awu193

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Halliday GM, Leverenz JB, Schneider JS, Adler CH (2014) The Neurobiological basis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc 29:634–650. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25857

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hassan A et al (2012) What are the issues facing Parkinson’s disease patients at ten years of disease and beyond? Data from the NPF-QII study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 18(3):10–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.06.014

Article  Google Scholar 

Hely MA, Morris JG, Reid WG, Trafficante R (2005) Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc 20:190–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20324

Article  Google Scholar 

Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG (2008) The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc 23:837–844. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21956

Article  Google Scholar 

Hindle JV et al (2016) The effects of cognitive reserve and lifestyle on cognition and dementia in Parkinson’s disease–a longitudinal cohort study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 31:13–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4284

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoehn MM, Yahr MD (1967) Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 17:427–442. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.17.5.427

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hubbard PS, Esiri MM, Reading M, McShane R, Nagy Z (2007) Alpha-synuclein pathology in the olfactory pathways of dementia patients. J Anat 211:117–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00748.x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hughes TA et al (2000) A 10-year study of the incidence of and factors predicting dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 54:1596–1602. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.54.8.1596

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jenkinson C, Fitzpatrick R, Peto V, Greenhall R, Hyman N (1997) The parkinson’s disease questionnaire (PDQ-39): development and validation of a Parkinson’s disease summary index score. Age Ageing 26:353–357. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/26.5.353

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johns MW (1991) A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep 14:540–545. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jost ST et al (2023) Levodopa dose equivalency in Parkinson’s disease: updated systematic review and proposals. Mov Disord Offic J Mov Disord Soc 38:1236–1252. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29410

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kotagal V (2016) Is PIGD a legitimate motor subtype in Parkinson disease? Ann Clin Transl Neurol 3:473–477.

Comments (0)

No login
gif