Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel LR, Laversanne M, Soerjiomatram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49.
Center for Cancer Control and Information Services. Cancer Statistics in Japan. National Cancer Center, Japan. 2021. Available from: https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/stat/summary.html. html.
Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2018. Gastric Cancer. 2021;24(1):1–21.
Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, Anker DS, Bauer MJ, Bernabie R, et al. Frailty consensus: A call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14:392–7.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Handforth C, Clegg A, Young C, Simpkins S, Seymour TM, Selby JP, et al. The prevalence and outcomes of frailty in older cancer patients: A systematic review. Ann Oncol. 2015;26:1091–101.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ethun CG, Bilen MA, Jani AB, Maithel KS, Ogan K, Master AV. Frailty and cancer: Implications for oncology surgery, medical oncology, and radiation oncology. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:362–77.
Papamichael D, Audisio RA, Glimelius B, Gramont deA, Glynne-Jones R, Haller D, et al. Treatment of colorectal cancer in older patients: international Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG) consensus recommendations. Ann Oncol. 2013;26(3):463–76.
Nishijima FT, Shimokawa M, Esaki T, Morita M, Toh Y, Muss BH. A 10-Item Frailty Index Based on a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (FI-CGA-10) in Older Adults with Cancer: Development and Construct Validation. Oncologist. 2021;26:e1751–60.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nishijima FT, Shimokawa M, Esaki T, Morita M, Toh Y, Muss BH. Comprehensive geriatric assessment: Valuation and patient preferences in older Japanese adults with cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71:259–67.
Nishijiima FT, Simokawa M, Komoda M, Hanamura F, Okumura Y, Morita M, et al. Survival in Older Japanese Adults With Advanced Cancer Before and After Implementation of a Geriatric Oncology Service. JCO Oncol Pract. 2023;19:1125–32.
Sugiyama M, Nishijima FT, Kasagi Y, Uehara H, Yoshida D, Nagai T, et al. Impact of comprehensive geriatric assessment on treatment strategies and complications in older adults with colorectal cancer considering surgery. J Surg Oncol. 2024;130:329–37.
Harimoto N, Sugimachi K, Nishijima FT, Tomino T, Shimagaki T, Mono Y, et al. Combined effect of frailty and sarcopenia on postoperative complications in older adults undergoing curative surgery for hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2024;24:9:587–94.
Bellera CA, Rainfray M, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Mertens C, Delva F, Fonck M, et al. Screening older cancer patients: first evaluation of the G-8 geriatric screening tool. Ann Oncol. 2012;23:2166–72.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kenis C, Decoster L, Van Puyvelde K, Greve De J, Conings G, Milisen K, et al. Performance of two geriatric screening tools in older patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013;32:19–26.
Toyokawa T, Muguruma K, Tamura T, Sakurai K, Amano R, Kubo N, et al. Comparison of the prognostic impact and combination of preoperative inflammation-based and/or nutritional markers in patients with stage II gastric cancer. Oncotarget. 2018;9:29351–64.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Miyamoto H, Toyokawa T, Ishida T, Kuroda K, Miki Y, Yoshii M, et al. Significance of the geriatric nutritional risk index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicators in older patients with gastric cancer: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Cancer. 2024;24:1396.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Matsunaga T, Saito H, Osaki T, Fukuda K, Fukumoto Y, Takahashi S, et al. Using the geriatric nutritional risk index to predict outcomes in older patients with remnant gastric cancer after gastrectomy: a retrospective multicenter study in Japan. Surg Today. 2024;54:1360–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Matsui R, Nunobe S, Ri M, Makuuchi R, Irino T, Hayami M, et al. Preoperative low prealbumin independently predicts non–gastric cancer death after gastrectomy in elderly and young patients: a retrospective cohort study. Surg Today. 2025;55:1068–78.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li J, Zhang S, Hu X, Huang T, Chen M. Correlation between the C-reactive protein (CRP)-albumin-lymphocyte (CALLY) index and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Today. 2025;55:483–91.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Japanese Gastric Cancer Association. Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma: 3rd English edition. Gastric Cancer. 2011;14:101–12.
Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240(2):205–13.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jha MK, Shah KB, Thapa A, Basukala S, Sah SK. Postoperative complications among major abdominal surgeries using Clavien-Dindo classification in tertiary hospital: An observational study. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2025;63(281):12–7.
Takeshita H, Ichikawa D, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Okamoto K, Shiozaki A, et al. Surgical outcomes of gastrectomy for elderly patients with gastric cancer. World J Surg. 2013;37:2891–8. 10.1007/ s00268-013-2210-7]. [PMID: 24081528.
Kwon IG, Cho I, Guner A, Kim H, Noh HS, Hyung JW. Minimally invasive surgery as a treatment option for gastric cancer in the elderly: comparison with open surgery for patients 80 years and older. Surg Endosc. 2015;29:2321–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-014-3955-2]. [PMID: 25480603.
Hashimoto T, Kurokawa Y, Mikami J, Takahashi T, Miyazaki Y, Tanaka K, et al. Postoperative long-term outcomes in elderly patients with gastric cancer and risk factors for death from other diseases. World J Surg. 2019;43(11):2885–93.
Lee DU, Fan GH, Chang K, Lee JK, Han J, Jung D, et al. The clinical impact of advanced age on the postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer: analysis across US hospitals between 2011–2017. J Gastric Cancer. 2022;22(3):197–209.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fujiwara Y, Fukuda S, Tsujie M, Ishikawa H, Kitani K, Inoue K, et al. Effects of age on survival and morbidity in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017;9:257–62.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Doi A, Mizukami T, Takeda H, Umemoto K, Arai H, Horie Y, et al. Clinical utility of geriatric assessment tools in older patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Front Oncol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1110236.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nishi M, Wada Y, Yoshikawa K, Takasu C, Tokunaga T, Nakao T, et al. Prognostic impact of frailty after gastrectomy in elderly gastric cancer patients. J Med Investigate. 2023;70:423–9.
Konishi H, Ichikawa D, Itoh H, Fukuda K, Kakihara N, Takemura M, et al. Surgery for gastric cancer patients of age 85 and older: Multicenter survey. World J Surg. 2017;23:1215–23.
Wshio M, Yanoshita K, Wada T, Sakuraya M, Harada H, Higuchi T, et al. Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric cancer as an alternative treatment in elderly patients: A prospective observational study. Annals Gastroenterological Surg. 2025;0:1–9.
Comments (0)