Steup WH, Moriya Y, van de Velde CJ. Patterns of lymphatic spread in rectal cancer. A topographical analysis on lymph node metastases. Eur J Cancer. 2002;38:911–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Iversen H, Martling A, Johansson H, Nilsson PJ, Holm T. Pelvic local recurrence from colorectal cancer: surgical challenge with changing preconditions. Colorectal Dis. 2018;20:399–406.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ogura A, Konishi T, Beets GL, Cunningham C, Garcia-Aguilar J, Iversen H, et al. Lateral nodal features on restaging magnetic resonance imaging associated with lateral local recurrence in low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy. JAMA Surg. 2019;154:e192172.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ogura A, Konishi T, Cunningham C, Garcia-Aguilar J, Iversen H, Toda S, et al. Neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy with total mesorectal excision only is not sufficient to prevent lateral local recurrence in enlarged nodes: results of the multicenter lateral node study of patients with low cT3/4 rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37:33–43.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lee Y. Who is a candidate at the initial presentation? Prediction of positive lateral lymph node and survival after dissection. Tech Coloproctol. 2025;29:52.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kim MJ, Chang GJ, Lim HK, Song MK, Park SC, Sohn DK, et al. Oncological impact of lateral lymph node dissection after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020;27:3525–33.
Shioi I, Ogawa H, Hosoi N, Yamaguchi A, Watanabe T, Nakazawa N, et al. Two-Team transanal total mesorectal excision and en bloc resection of the lateral pelvic lymph nodes, main iliac vessels, and pelvic plexus for locally advanced rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2024;34:237–41.
Shida D, Kanemitsu Y, Hamaguchi T, Shimada Y. Introducing the eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification as relevant to colorectal cancer, anal cancer and appendiceal cancer: a comparison study with the seventh edition of the tumor-node-metastasis and the Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019;49:321–8.
Sluckin TC, Hazen SJA, Kusters M. From East vs West towards international multidisciplinary collaboration: an appraisal of lateral lymph nodes in rectal cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2021;5:731–7.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Smith NJ, Barbachano Y, Norman AR, Swift RI, Abulafi AM, Brown G. Prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging-detected extramural vascular invasion in rectal cancer. Br J Surg. 2008;95:229–36.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Park BK, Lee SJ, Hur BY, Kim MJ, Chan Park S, Chang HJ, et al. Feasibility of selective lateral node dissection based on magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy. J Surg Res. 2018;232:227–33.
Chen JN, Liu Z, Wang ZJ, Mei SW, Shen HY, Li J, et al. Selective lateral lymph node dissection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26:2877–88.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fujita S, Mizusawa J, Kanemitsu Y, Ito M, Kinugasa Y, Komori K, et al. Mesorectal excision with or without lateral lymph node dissection for clinical Stage II/III lower rectal cancer (JCOG0212): A multicenter, randomized controlled, noninferiority trial. Ann Surg. 2017;266:201–7.
Georgiou P, Tan E, Gouvas N, Antoniou A, Brown G, Nicholls RJ, et al. Extended lymphadenectomy versus conventional surgery for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10:1053–62.
Fujita S, Akasu T, Mizusawa J, Saito N, Kinugasa Y, Kanemitsu Y, et al. Postoperative morbidity and mortality after mesorectal excision with and without lateral lymph node dissection for clinical stage II or stage III lower rectal cancer (JCOG0212): results from a multicentre, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:616–21.
Tsukada Y, Ito M. Reversed anatomy in transanal lateral lymph node dissection: landmarks and pitfalls. Tech Coloproctol. 2025;29:54.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shiraishi T, Ogawa H, Yamaguchi A, Shibasaki Y, Osone K, Okada T, et al. Preoperative factors associated with lateral lymph node metastasis in lower rectal cancer and the evaluation of the middle rectal artery. Surg Today. 2024;54:1472–81.
Shiraishi T, Sasaki T, Tsukada Y, Ikeda K, Nishizawa Y, Ito M. Radiologic factors and areas of local recurrence in locally advanced lower rectal cancer after lateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021;64:1479–87.
Tanaka Y, Hino H, Shiomi A, Uehara K, Watanabe J, Nishikawa T, et al. Efficacy of lateral lymph node dissection for local control of rectal cancer: A multicenter study. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2024;8:631–8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tsukada Y, Rullier E, Shiraishi T, Capdepont M, Sasaki T, Celerier B, et al. Comparison between preoperative chemoradiotherapy and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in clinical T3 low rectal cancer without enlarged lateral lymph nodes. Colorectal Dis. 2023;25:1153–62.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kozu T, Akiyoshi T, Sakamoto T, Yamaguchi T, Yamamoto S, Okamura R, et al. Risk factors for local recurrence in patients with clinical stage II/III low rectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2025;9:128–36.
Yu TK, Bhosale PR, Crane CH, Iyer RB, Skibber JM, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, et al. Patterns of locoregional recurrence after surgery and radiotherapy or chemoradiation for rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;71:1175–80.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Enríquez-Navascués JM, Borda N, Lizerazu A, Placer C, Elosegui JL, Ciria JP, et al. Patterns of local recurrence in rectal cancer after a multidisciplinary approach. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17:1674–84.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sauer R, Liersch T, Merkel S, Fietkau R, Hohenberger W, Hess C, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:1926–33.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tural D, Ozturk M, Selcukbiricik F, Yildiz O, Elicin O, Turna H, et al. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy improves local recurrence free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer. J BUON. 2013;18:385–90.
Mc Entee PD, Shokuhi P, Rogers AC, Mehigan BJ, McCormick PH, Gillham CM, et al. Extramural venous invasion (EMVI) in colorectal cancer is associated with increased cancer recurrence and cancer-related death. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2022;48:1638–42.
Paul S, Arya S, Mokul S, Baheti A, Kumar S, Ramaswamy A, et al. Extramural vascular invasion as an independent prognostic marker in locally advanced rectal cancer: propensity score match pair analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022;47:3671–8.
Comments (0)