Although the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) is a complete questionnaire for evaluating BDD, there are few studies in the literature to investigate or screen for dysmorphism in patients undergoing facial plastic surgery.

To map and evaluate facial plastic studies that used this questionnaire to research body dysmorphism in their populations. The secondary objectives were to review the criteria and questions assessed by the questionnaire and their applicability.

The study selection criteria involved studies that used the BDD-YBOCS in screening studies for dysmorphism in patients who were candidates for or underwent facial plastic surgery. Literature search was carried out in PubMed/electronic database, database Google Scholar data, and Web of Science by the authors. Two independent researchers conducted a citation search of relevant literature. To select appropriate patients for esthetic procedures, validated preoperative BDD screening tools should be used.

Historically, patients with BDD had contraindications for esthetic procedures and surgeries. However, recent evidence supports more refined decision-making based on disorder severity and patients' overall level of functioning.

It is reaffirmed that esthetic surgery is not effective in treating BDD, despite declared patient satisfaction. Therefore, the psychological disorder must be treated first because surgical treatment without prior psychological treatment may result in dangerous consequences for surgeons.

Data will be available upon request to the corresponding author.

Editor-in-Chief: Geraldo Pereira Jotz.

Received: 10 November 2024

Accepted: 24 May 2025

Article published online:
30 April 2026

© 2026. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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Bibliographical Record
Arthur Ricardo Carminatti Ortina, Carolina Rodrigues Laranjeira Vilar, Odin Ferreira do Amaral Neto, Rogerio Hamerschmidt, Maria Theresa Costa Ramos Oliveira. Applicability of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) for the Assessment of Patients Eligible for Facial Esthetic Surgery: A Scoping Review. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2026; 30: s00461819563.
DOI: 10.1055/s-0046-1819563