Incretin-Based Drugs and the Risk of Dementia Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Livingston G, et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020;396(10248):413–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chatterjee S, et al. Type 2 diabetes as a risk factor for dementia in women compared with men: a pooled analysis of 2.3 million people comprising more than 100,000 cases of dementia. Diabetes Care. 2015;39(2):300–7. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc15-1588.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ferrari F, Moretti A, Villa RF. Incretin-based drugs as potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: current status and perspectives. Pharmacol Ther. 2022;239:108277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108277.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gejl M, et al. In Alzheimer’s disease, 6-month treatment with GLP-1 analog prevents decline of brain glucose metabolism: randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Front Aging Neurosci. 2016;8:108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2016.00108.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Q, et al. Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ameliorates cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus through a metabolism-independent pathway. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(14):e020734. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.020734.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nørgaard CH, et al. Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and incidence of dementia: data from pooled double-blind randomized controlled trials and nationwide disease and prescription registers,. Alzheimer Dement (N Y). 2022;8(1):e12268. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.12268.

Article  Google Scholar 

Tang H, et al. Newer glucose-lowering drugs and risk of dementia: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(9):2719–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17895.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim JY, et al. Oral diabetes medication and risk of dementia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes,. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;154:116–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.07.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu CY, et al. Association of sulfonylureas with the risk of dementia: a population-based cohort study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023;71(10):3059–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.18397.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Imfeld P, Bodmer M, Jick SS, Meier CR. Metformin, other antidiabetic drugs, and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based case-control study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(5):916–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03916.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim YG, et al. Risk of dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes on dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors versus sulfonylureas: a real-world population-based cohort study. J Clin Med. 2018;8(1):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010028.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bohlken J, Jacob L, Kostev K. Association between the use of antihyperglycemic drugs and dementia risk: a case-control study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;66(2):725–32. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180808.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang B, et al. Comparative effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and sulfonylureas on the risk of dementia in older individuals with type 2 diabetes in Sweden: an emulated trial study. eClinicalMedicine. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102689.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wium-Andersen IK, Osler M, Jørgensen MB, Rungby J, Wium-Andersen MK. Antidiabetic medication and risk of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019;181(5):499–507. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-19-0259.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen KC, et al. Association between the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and the risk of dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan. J Clin Med. 2020;9(3):660. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030660.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tseng CH. Vildagliptin has a neutral association with dementia risk in type 2 diabetes patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:637392. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.637392.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Herrett E, et al. Data resource profile: clinical practice research datalink (CPRD). Int J Epidemiol. 2015;44(3):827–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv098.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wolf A, et al. Data resource profile: Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(6):1740–1740g. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz034.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Herrett E, Thomas SL, Schoonen WM, Smeeth L, Hall AJ. Validation and validity of diagnoses in the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;69(1):4–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03537.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

N.F. Khan, S.E. Harrison, P.W. Rose, Validity of diagnostic coding within the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review. 2010;60(572):e128–36. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp10X483562.

Ackermann RT, et al. Correlates of second-line type 2 diabetes medication selection in the USA. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2017;5(1):e000421. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2017-000421.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Podhorna J, Winter N, Zoebelein H, Perkins T, Walda S. Alzheimer’s diagnosis: real-world physician behavior across countries. Adv Ther. 2020;37(2):883–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-019-01212-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dunn N, Mullee M, Perry VH, Holmes C. Association between dementia and infectious disease: evidence from a case-control study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2005;19(2):91–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wad.0000165511.52746.1f.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jick H, Zornberg GL, Jick SS, Seshadri S, Drachman DA. Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet. 2000;356(9242):1627–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03155-x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khan NF, Harrison SE, Rose PW. Validity of diagnostic coding within the General Practice Research Database: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2010;60(572):e128-136. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp10X483562.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Durrleman S, Simon R. Flexible regression models with cubic splines,. Stat Med. 1989;8(5):551–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780080504.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Desai RJ, Rothman KJ, Bateman BT, Hernandez-Diaz S, Huybrechts KF. A propensity-score-based fine stratification approach for confounding adjustment when exposure is infrequent. Epidemiology. 2017;28(2):249–57. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000595.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

J.M. Robins, M.A. Hernan, B. Brumback, Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology. 2000;11(5):550–60. [Online]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10955408.

Suissa D, Brassard P, Smiechowski B, Suissa S. Number needed to treat is incorrect without proper time-related considerations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012;65(1):42–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.04.009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rothman KJ. No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology. 1990;1(1):43–6. [Online]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2081237.

VanderWeele TJ, Ding P. Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167(4):268–74. https://doi.org/10.7326/M16-2607.

Article

Comments (0)

No login
gif