Puzolcabtagene autoleucel [普利得凯®] is an autologous, humanized anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy developed by Chongqing Precision Biotech for the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), B-cell leukemias and lymphomas, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CAR T-cell therapy is a personalized immunotherapy in which a patient’s own T cells are genetically engineered to recognize and eliminate malignant cells through direct cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis, and TNF ligand-mediated signaling pathways. To reduce immunogenicity, puzolcabtagene autoleucel incorporates a humanized CD19-specific single-chain variable fragment. On 4 November 2025, puzolcabtagene autoleucel received its first approval in China for the treatment of CD19+ relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-ALL in patients aged 3–21 years. This article summarizes the key developmental milestones leading to this first approval.