Niu J, Liu J, Guo P, Du M, Wu W, Zhang Z, et al. Selective detection of Escherichia coli based on BSA/CNTs/UIO-66-NH2 molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors. Anal Chim Acta. 2025;1377: 344644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2025.344644.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang S, Liang N, Hu X, Li W, Guo Z, Zhang X, et al. Carbon dots and covalent organic frameworks based FRET immunosensor for sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Chem. 2024;447: 138663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138663.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tamai S, Katafuchi M, Hui X, Suzuki Y. Detection and collection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli using foam concentration without membrane filtration. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025;291: 117797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117797.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cui S, Wei Y, Li C, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Peng X, et al. Visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid on-site detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk products. Foods. 2024;13: 2143. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13132143.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Saleem F, Li E, Tran KL, Rudra B, Edge TA, Schellhorn HE, et al. Utilizing novel Escherichia coli-specific conserved signature proteins for enhanced monitoring of recreational water quality. MicrobiolOpen. 2024;13: e1410. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1410.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bumbangi FN, Llarena A-K, Skjerve E, Hang’ombe BM, Mpundu P, Mudenda S, et al. Evidence of community-wide spread of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in young children in Lusaka and Ndola districts, Zambia. Microorganisms. 2022;10: 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10081684.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ding L, Guo J, Chen S, Wang Y. Electrochemical sensing mechanisms of neonicotinoid pesticides and recent progress in utilizing functional materials for electrochemical detection platforms. Talanta. 2024;273: 125937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125937.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shao Z, Di K, Ding L, You F, Fan C, Wang K. Amino-enriched Zn-MOFs with self-reduction for energy-free simultaneous removal and electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions in the aquatic environment. Anal Chim Acta. 2025;1333: 343408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2024.343408.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang M, Guo W. Simultaneous electrochemical detection of multiple heavy metal ions in milk based on silica-modified magnetic nanoparticles. Food Chem. 2023;406: 135034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135034.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Miyazaki CM, Citolino LV de L, Martin CS, Batagin-Neto A, Constantino CJL, Alessio P. SERS and electrochemical dual-detection method based on gold-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of methyl parathion insecticide: experimental and theoretical approaches. Surf Interfaces. 2025;72:107108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107108.

da Silva Junior AG, Frias IAM, Lima-Neto RG, Franco OL, Oliveira MDL, Andrade CAS. Electrochemical detection of gram-negative bacteria through mastoparan-capped magnetic nanoparticle. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2022;160: 110088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110088.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Luo X, Cui S, Yang W, Yu Y. An electrochemical quinine detection approach based on small molecule promoted split aptamer click ligation reaction. Τalanta. 2025;292:127916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2025.127916.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Siu RHP, Jesky RG, Fan Y-J, Au-Yeung CCH, Kinghorn AB, Chan K-H, et al. Aptamer-mediated electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in saliva. Biosensors (Basel). 2024;14: 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100471.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Que L, Zhang H, Qi X, Gu X, Gao H, Zhou Y, et al. Ultra-responsive label-free electrochemical aptamer sensor based on 3D-CdCo-ONSs@AuNPs for detection of tumour marker MUC1. Microchem J. 2025;212: 113363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2025.113363.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li H, Du C, Guo T, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Huang X, et al. Ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor based on split aptamer and au-rGO for detection of aflatoxin M1. J Dairy Sci. 2024;107:2748–59. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2023-23864.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang T, Song X, Lin H, Hao T, Hu Y, Wang S, et al. A faraday cage-type immunosensor for dual-modal detection of vibrio parahaemolyticus by electrochemiluminescence and anodic stripping voltammetry. Anal Chim Acta. 2019;1062:124–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.032.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Li J, Wang C, Wang W, Zhao L, Han H. Dual-mode immunosensor for electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer and electrochemical detection of rabies virus glycoprotein based on Ru(bpy)32+-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Anal Chem. 2022;94:7655–64. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00954.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rao Z, Guo B, Zu J, Zheng W, Xu Y, Yang Y. Construction of an ECL-DPV dual model biosensor for dopamine detection based on PSO-ANN algorithm. IEEE Sens J. 2024;24:7463–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3358413.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Pourbahram B, Mansouri Majd S, Shamsipur M. DPV and EIS-based ultrasensitive aptasensor for VEGF165 detection based on nanoporous gold platform modified with SH-aptamer. Sens Bio-Sens Res. 2025;47: 100766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2025.100766.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Ye Z, Ma M, Wu Y, Chen Y, Liu R, et al. Ultrasensitive multifunctional biosensor integrating ECL quenching and DPV enhancement for early classification of thyroid cancer via BRAF V600E and microRNA-221 detection. Biosens Bioelectron. 2025;290: 117964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2025.117964.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lim J, Kim J, Lee E, Park H, Lee J-H. An analysis method to detect the presence of DNA using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for real-time PCR. Microsyst Technol. 2021;27:3211–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-020-05074-3.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lopes LC, Jiang A, Zarychta M, Wiebe K, Ramirez D, Schweizer F, et al. Electrochemical detection of tobramycin resistance in Escherichia coli. J Electrochem Soc. 2024;171:095502. https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad788f.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Rezaei B, Jamei HR, Ensafi AA. An ultrasensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensor based on rGO-MWCNTs/chitosan/carbon quantum dot for the detection of lysozyme. Biosens Bioelectron. 2018;115:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.012.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shen J, Zhang B, Xue T, Zhang Y, Zhu G. Multi-component metabolite electrochemical detection and analysis based on machine learning. Anal Methods. 2025;17:5939–50. https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay00431d.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stratulat A, Mazurkow J, Steijlen A, Goyvaerts B, Moris R, Eliaerts J, et al. Electrochemical “super-fingerprinting” in combination with machine learning for the on-site detection of illicit drugs. ACS Sens. 2025;10:7778–86. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.5c02155.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xue D, Zhao H. Machine learning and electrochemistry techniques for detecting adulteration of goat milk with cow milk. J Food Meas Charact. 2024;18:6012–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-024-02625-4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Aliev TA, Lavrentev FV, Dyakonov AV, Diveev DA, Shilovskikh VV, Skorb EV. Electrochemical platform for detecting Escherichia coli bacteria using machine learning methods. Biosens Bioelectron. 2024;259: 116377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2024.116377.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lin HTV, Yang TW, Lu WJ, Chiang HJ, Hsu PH. Machine learning-enhanced MALDI-TOF MS for real-time detection of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in food processing. LWT-Food. Sci Technol. 2025;224:117860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2025.117860.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Liu Z, Liu F, Wang C, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Ratiometric electrochemical detection of interleukin-6 using electropolymerized methylene blue and a multi-walled carbon-nanotube-modified screen-printed carbon electrode. Biosens. 2024;14: 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100457.

Article  CAS