Chan WK, Chuah KH, Rajaram RB, Lim LL, Ratnasingam J, Vethakkan SR (2023) Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a state-of-the-art review. J Obes Metab Syndr 32:197–213
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shen TH, Wu CH, Lee YW, Chang CC (2024) Prevalence, trends, and characteristics of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease among the US population aged 12–79 years. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 36:636–645
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) (2024) EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Obes Facts 17:374–444
Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Younossi Y, Golabi P, Mishra A, Rafiq N, Henry L (2020) Epidemiology of chronic liver diseases in the USA in the past three decades. Gut 69:564–568
Alla V, Bonkovsky HL (2005) Iron in nonhemochromatotic liver disorders. Semin Liver Dis 25:461–472
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wood JC (2007) Diagnosis and management of transfusion iron overload: the role of imaging. Am J Hematol 82:1132–1135
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Moura Cunha G, Navin PJ, Fowler KJ, Venkatesh SK, Ehman RL, Sirlin CB (2021) Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging for chronic liver disease. Br J Radiol 94:20201377
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ware HM, Kwiatkowski JL (2013) Evaluation and treatment of transfusional iron overload in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 60:1393–1406
de Ville Goyet M, Moniotte S, Robert A, Dupont S, Vermylen C, Veyckemans F, Brichard B (2013) Iron overload in children undergoing cancer treatments. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60:1982–1987
Barshop NJ, Sirlin CB, Schwimmer JB, Lavine JE (2008) Epidemiology, pathogenesis and potential treatments of paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 28:13–24
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hussain HK, Chenevert TL, Londy FJ, Gulani V, Swanson SD, McKenna BJ, Appelman HD, Adusumilli S, Greenson JK, Conjeevaram HS (2005) Hepatic fat fraction: MR imaging for quantitative measurement and display - early experience. Radiology 237:1048–1055
O’Regan DP, Callaghan MF, Wylezinska-Arridge M, Fitzpatrick J, Naoumova RP, Hajnal JV, Schmitz SA (2008) Liver fat content and T2*: simultaneous measurement by using breath-hold multiecho MR imaging at 3.0 T - feasibility. Radiology 247:550–557
Yu H, Shimakawa A, McKenzie CA, Brodsky E, Brittain JH, Reeder SB (2008) Multiecho water-fat separation and simultaneous R2* estimation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling. Magn Reson Med 60:1122–1134
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Reeder SB, Cruite I, Hamilton G, Sirlin CB (2011) Quantitative assessment of liver fat with magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging 34:729–749
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yokoo T, Shiehmorteza M, Hamilton G, Wolfson T, Schroeder ME, Middleton MS, Bydder M, Gamst AC, Kono Y, Kuo A, Patton HM, Horgan S, Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Sirlin CB (2011) Estimation of hepatic proton-density fat fraction by using MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology 258:749–759
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhong X, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SAR, Dale BM, Kiefer B, Bashir MR (2014) Liver fat quantification using a multi-step adaptive fitting approach with multi-echo GRE imaging. Magn Reson Med 72:1353–1365
Wood JC, Enriquez C, Ghugre N, Tyzka JM, Carson S, Nelson MD, Coates TD (2005) MRI R2 and R2* mapping accurately estimates hepatic iron concentration in transfusion-dependent thalassemia and sickle cell disease patients. Blood 106:1460–1465
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hankins JS, McCarville MB, Loeffler RB, Smeltzer MP, Onciu M, Hoffer FA, Li CS, Wang WC, Ware RE, Hillenbrand CM (2009) R2* magnetic resonance imaging of the liver in patients with iron overload. Blood 113:4853–4855
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hernando D, Levin YS, Sirlin CB, Reeder SB (2014) Quantification of liver iron with MRI: state of the art and remaining challenges. J Magn Reson Imaging 40:1003–1021
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hernando D, Kramer JH, Reeder SB (2013) Multipeak fat-corrected complex R2* relaxometry: theory, optimization, and clinical validation. Magn Reson Med 70:1319–1331
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Armstrong T, Dregely I, Stemmer A, Han F, Natsuaki Y, Sung K, Wu HH (2018) Free-breathing liver fat quantification using a multiecho 3D stack-of-radial technique. Magn Reson Med 79:370–382
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Armstrong T, Ly KV, Murthy S, Ghahremani S, Kim GHJ, Calkins KL, Wu HH (2018) Free-breathing quantification of hepatic fat in healthy children and children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using a multi-echo 3-D stack-of-radial MRI technique. Pediatr Radiol 48:941–953
Zhong X, Armstrong T, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SAR, Pan L, Dale BM, Deshpande V, Kiefer B, Wu HH (2020) Effect of respiratory motion on free-breathing 3D stack-of-radial liver R2* relaxometry and improved quantification accuracy using self-gating. Magn Reson Med 83:1964–1978
Zhong X, Hu HH, Armstrong T, Li X, Lee YH, Tsao TC, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SAR, Dale BM, Deshpande V, Kiefer B, Wu HH (2021) Free-breathing volumetric liver R2* and proton density fat fraction quantification in pediatric patients using stack-of-radial MRI with self-gating motion compensation. J Magn Reson Imaging 53:118–129
Armstrong T, Zhong X, Shih SF, Felker E, Lu DS, Dale BM, Wu HH (2022) Free-breathing 3D stack-of-radial MRI quantification of liver fat and R2* in adults with fatty liver disease. Magn Reson Imaging 85:141–152
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rohani SC, Morin CE, Zhong X, Kannengiesser S, Shrestha U, Goode C, Holtrop J, Khan A, Loeffler RB, Hankins JS, Hillenbrand CM, Tipirneni-Sajja A (2022) Hepatic iron quantification using a free-breathing 3D radial gradient echo technique and validation with a 2D biopsy-calibrated R2* relaxometry method. J Magn Reson Imaging 55:1407–1416
Lustig M, Donoho D, Pauly JM (2007) Sparse MRI: the application of compressed sensing for rapid MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 58:1182–1195
Lustig M, Donoho DL, Santos JM, Pauly JM (2008) Compressed sensing MRI. IEEE Signal Process Mag 25:72–82
Feng L, Grimm R, Block KT, Chandarana H, Kim S, Xu J, Axel L, Sodickson DK, Otazo R (2014) Golden-angle radial sparse parallel MRI: combination of compressed sensing, parallel imaging, and golden-angle radial sampling for fast and flexible dynamic volumetric MRI. Magn Reson Med 72:707–717
Feng L, Axel L, Chandarana H, Block KT, Sodickson DK, Otazo R (2016) XD-GRASP: golden-angle radial MRI with reconstruction of extra motion-state dimensions using compressed sensing. Magn Reson Med 75:775–788
Zhong X, Nickel MD, Kannengiesser SAR, Dale BM, Han F, Gao C, Shih SF, Dai Q, Curiel O, Tsao TC, Wu HH, Deshpande V (2024) Accelerated free-breathing liver fat and R2* quantification using multi-echo stack-of-radial MRI with motion-resolved multidimensional regularized reconstruction: initial retrospective evaluation. Magn Reson Med 92:1149–1161
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ehses P. Twixtools. https://github.com/pehses/twixtools. Published July 23, 2020. Updated November 15, 2022. Accessed July 8, 2024.
Zhong X, Armstrong T, Gao C, Nickel MD, Han F, Dale BM, Li X, Kafali SG, Hu P, Wu HH, Deshpande V (2022) Accelerated k-space shift calibration for free-breathing stack-of-radial MRI quantification of liver fat and R2*. Magn Reson Med 87:281–291
Comments (0)