Bithal P, Dash HH, Vishnoi N, Chaturvedi A (2003) Venous air embolism: Does the site of embolism influence the hemodynamic changes? Neurol India 51(3):370–372
Boyd GI (1930) The emissary foramina of the cranium in man and the anthropoids. J Anat 65(Pt 1):108–121
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Byrns K, Khasgiwala A, Patel S (2016) Migration of bone wax into the sigmoid sinus after posterior fossa surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 37(11):2129–2133. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4871
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Caputa M, Perrin G, Cabanac M (1978) [Reversal of human ophthalmic vein blood flow: selective cooling of the brain]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 287(11):1011–1014
Choi JH, Woo HY (2013) The neglected emissary vein in mastoidectomy; persistent petrosquamosal sinus in the laterally located sigmoid sinus. Am J Otolaryngol 34(3):255–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2012.11.014
Ernst R, Bulas R, Tomsick T, van Loveren H, Aziz KA (1999) Three cases of dural arteriovenous fistula of the anterior condylar vein within the hypoglossal canal. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20(10):2016–2020
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Forte V, Turner A, Liu P (1989) Objective tinnitus associated with abnormal mastoid emissary vein. J Otolaryngol 18(5):232–235
Giesemann AM, Goetz GF, Neuburger J, Lenarz T, Lanfermann H (2011) Persistent petrosquamosal sinus: high incidence in cases of complete aplasia of the semicircular canals. Radiology 259(3):825–833. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.11101466
Ginsberg LE (1994) The posterior condylar canal. Am J Neuroradiol 15(5):969
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hedjoudje A, Piveteau A, Gonzalez-Campo C, Moghekar A, Gailloud P, San Millán D (2019) The occipital emissary vein: a possible marker for pseudotumor cerebri. Am J Neuroradiol 40(6):973–978
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Inokuchi G, Tsutsumi N, Komatsu H, Fujita T, Sawada N, Kumoi K (2013) Persistent petrosquamosal sinus: underlying cause of otitic hydrocephalus with lateral sinus thrombosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 77(11):1908–1911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.08.034
Kaplan M, Erol FS, Ozveren MF, Topsakal C, Sam B, Tekdemir I (2007) Review of complications due to foramen ovale puncture. J Clin Neurosci 14(6):563–568
Kim LK, Ahn CS, Fernandes AE (2014) Mastoid emissary vein: anatomy and clinical relevance in plastic & reconstructive surgery. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg 67(6):775–780
Lanzieri C, Duchesneau P, Rosenbloom S, Smith A, Rosenbaum A (1988) The significance of asymmetry of the foramen of Vesalius. Am J Neuroradiol 9(6):1201–1204
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu P, Zhong W, Liao C, Liu M, Zhang W (2016) Narrow foramen ovale and rotundum: a role in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia. J Craniofac Surg 27(8):2168–2170
Louis RG Jr., Loukas M, Wartmann CT, Tubbs RS, Apaydin N, Gupta AA et al (2009) Clinical anatomy of the mastoid and occipital emissary veins in a large series. Surg Radiol Anat 31(2):139–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-008-0423-5
Marsot-Dupuch K, Gayet-Delacroix M, Elmaleh-Bergès M, Bonneville F, Lasjaunias P (2001) The petrosquamosal sinus: CT and MR findings of a rare emissary vein. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22(6):1186–1193
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Matsushima K, Kawashima M, Matsushima T, Hiraishi T, Noguchi T, Kuraoka A (2014) Posterior condylar canals and posterior condylar emissary veins—a microsurgical and CT anatomical study. Neurosurg Rev 37:115–126
Matsushima K, Funaki T, Komune N, Kiyosue H, Kawashima M, Rhoton AL Jr (2015) Microsurgical anatomy of the lateral condylar vein and its clinical significance. Operative Neurosurg 11(1):135–146
Morimoto AK, Wiggins RH, Hudgins PA, Hedlund GL, Hamilton B, Mukherji SK et al (2006) Absent semicircular canals in CHARGE syndrome: radiologic spectrum of findings. Am J Neuroradiol 27(8):1663–1671
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mortazavi MM, Tubbs RS, Riech S, Verma K, Shoja MM, Zurada A et al (2012) Anatomy and pathology of the cranial emissary veins: a review with surgical implications. Neurosurgery 70(5):1312–1319
Nabavizadeh SA, Mowla A, Bress A, Pukenas B (2015) Thrombosis of posterior condylar vein with extension to internal jugular vein; a rare radiological finding in traumatic brain injury. Surg Neurol Int 6:69. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.156157
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Özmen E, Akçay AA, Şentürk YE, Peker A, Öner Y (2024) Occipital emissary vein existence and its impact on the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in pediatric patients. Neuroradiology 66(4):643–650
Pękala PA, Rybus JJ, Stachura M, Pękala JR, Skinningsrud B, Tubbs RS et al (2018) Prevalence of petrosquamosal sinus and its clinical significance: radiologic study and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg 111:e616–e23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.132
Pekçevik Y, Pekçevik R (2014) Why should we report posterior fossa emissary veins? Diagn Interv Radiol 20(1):78–81. https://doi.org/10.5152/dir.2013.13203
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Presto P, D’Souza P, Kopacz A, Hanson KA, Nagy L (2020) Association between foramen size and febrile seizure status in the pediatric population: a two-center retrospective analysis. J Neurosci Rural Pract 11(3):430–435. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712717
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Reis CV, Deshmukh V, Zabramski JM, Crusius M, Desmukh P, Spetzler RF et al (2007) Anatomy of the mastoid emissary vein and venous system of the posterior neck region: neurosurgical implications. Neurosurgery 61(5 Suppl 2):193–200 discussion – 1. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000303217.53607.d9
Rivet DJ, Goddard JK, Rich KM, Derdeyn CP (2006) Percutaneous transvenous embolization of a dural arteriovenous fistula through a mastoid emissary vein. Technical note. J Neurosurg 105(4):636–639. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2006.105.4.636
Rossi A, Freire A, Prado F, Caria P, Botacin PR (2010) Morphological characteristics of foramen of Vesalius and its relationship with clinical implications. J Morphol Sci 27(1):26–29
Salem M, Dolati P, Fusco MR, Ogilvy CS, Thomas AJ (2016) Abnormal large central occipital emissary vein: a case report and review of literature. Cureus 8(5):e603. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.603
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
San Millán Ruíz D, Gailloud P, Rüfenacht DA, Delavelle J, Henry F, Fasel JH (2002) The craniocervical venous system in relation to cerebral venous drainage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23(9):1500–1508
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Standefer M, Bay JW, Trusso R (1984) The sitting position in neurosurgery: a retrospective analysis of 488 cases. Neurosurgery 14(6):649–658. https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198406000-00001
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Valdueza JM, von Münster T, Hoffman O, Schreiber S, Einhäupl KM (2000) Postural dependency of the cerebral venous outflow. Lancet 355(9199):200–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04804-7
Comments (0)