Long-Segment Tracheal Reconstruction or Replacement: A Review

Greaney AM, Niklason LE. The history of engineered tracheal replacements: interpreting the past and guiding the future. Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2021;27(4):341–52. https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.TEB.2020.0238.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•Martinod E, Radu DM, Onorati I, Chapalain X, Santos Portela AM, Peretti M, et al. Tracheobronchial replacement: a systematic review. JAMA Surg. 2025;160(8):912–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2025.1378.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wurtz A, Porte H, Conti M, Desbordes J, Copin MC, Azorin J, et al. Tracheal replacement with aortic allografts. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(18):1938–40. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc066336.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

••Martinod E, Onorati I, Radu DM, Santos Portela AM, Peretti M, Bardet J, et al. Tracheobronchial replacement using cryopreserved aortic allografts: results in 50 patients (TRITON-01 Registry). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezaf445.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hung WT, Tsou KC, Cho HC, Wu PS, Lin MH, Chen SC, et al. Chondrogenic potential of cryopreserved aortic allografts: guiding perichondrial regeneration in tracheal repair. Adv Healthc Mater. 2025;14(15):e2405106. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202405106.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim DH, Choi CB, Yang WJ, Chung WH, Lee AJ, Chung DJ, et al. Tracheal replacement with fresh and cryopreserved aortic allograft in adult dog. J Surg Res. 2012;175(2):199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.03.056.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Makris D, Holder-Espinasse M, Wurtz A, Seguin A, Hubert T, Jaillard S, et al. Tracheal replacement with cryopreserved allogenic aorta. Chest. 2010;137(1):60–7. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-1275.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seguin A, Radu D, Holder-Espinasse M, Bruneval P, Fialaire-Legendre A, Duterque-Coquillaud M, et al. Tracheal replacement with cryopreserved, decellularized, or glutaraldehyde-treated aortic allografts. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;87(3):861–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.11.038.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wei S, Zhang Y, Luo F, Duan K, Li M, Lv G. Feasibility of tracheal reconstruction using silicone-stented aortic allografts. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezae115.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shi H, Xu H, Lu D, Wu J. Animal models of tracheal allotransplantation using vitrified cryopreservation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009;138(5):1222–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.05.028.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martinod E, Paquet J, Dutau H, Radu DM, Bensidhoum M, Abad S, et al. In vivo tissue engineering of human airways. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;103(5):1631–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.11.027.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martinod E, Radu DM, Onorati I, Portela AMS, Peretti M, Guiraudet P, et al. Airway replacement using stented aortic matrices: Long-term follow-up and results of the TRITON-01 study in 35 adult patients. Am J Transplant. 2022;22(12):2961–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.17137.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galvaing G, Martinod E, Chadeyras JB. Long-term survival after tracheal replacement using a cryopreserved aortic allograft. JTCVS Tech. 2024;28:178–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjtc.2024.08.015.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hauptmann E, Dhar S, Harirah O, Chandra R, Reznik S, Waters J. Circumferential tracheal replacement with silicone stent supported, cryopreserved aortic homograft. J Surg Case Rep. 2024;2024(2):rjae040. https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjae040.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hung WT, Liao HC, Hsu HH, Chen JS. Stented cryopreserved aortic allograft for reconstruction of long-segment post-tuberculosis tracheal stenosis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2024;123(7):818–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2024.03.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Menna C, Andreetti C, Ibrahim M, Ciccone AM, D’Andrilli A, Maurizi G, et al. Successful total tracheal replacement by cryopreserved aortic allograft in a patient post-COVID-19 infection. Chest. 2021;160(6):e613–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.037.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Genden EM, Miles BA, Harkin TJ, DeMaria S, Kaufman AJ, Mayland E, et al. Single-stage long-segment tracheal transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(10):3421–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16752.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

••Genden EM, Harkin T, Laitman BM, Florman SS. Vascularized tracheal transplantation: a twenty month follow up. Laryngoscope. 2023;133(8):1839–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.30444.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strome M, Stein J, Esclamado R, Hicks D, Lorenz RR, Braun W, et al. Laryngeal transplantation and 40-month follow-up. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(22):1676–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200105313442204.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Delaere P, Vranckx J, Verleden G, De Leyn P, Van Raemdonck D, Leuven Tracheal Transplant G. Tracheal allotransplantation after withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(2):138–45. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0810653.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Delaere P, Meulemans J, Vranckx J, Vos R, Poorten VV. Tracheal transplantation. Thorac Surg Clin. 2025;35(1):131–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thorsurg.2024.07.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Delaere PR, Vranckx JJ, Meulemans J, Vander Poorten V, Segers K, Van Raemdonck D, et al. Learning curve in tracheal allotransplantation. Am J Transplant. 2012;12(9):2538–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04125.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hysi I, Kipnis E, Fayoux P, Copin MC, Zawadzki C, Jashari R, et al. Successful orthotopic transplantation of short tracheal segments without immunosuppressive therapy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;47(2):e54-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezu444.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Candas F, Gorur R, Haholu A, Yildizhan A, Yucel O, Ay H, et al. Is tracheal transplantation possible with cryopreserved tracheal allograft and hyperbaric oxygen therapy? An experimental study. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(3):1139–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.018.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verzeletti V, Mammana M, Zambello G, Dell’Amore A, Rea F. Human tracheal transplantation: a systematic review of case reports. Clin Transplant. 2024;38(1):e15238. https://doi.org/10.1111/ctr.15238.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sykes M. Immune evasion by chimeric trachea. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(2):172–4. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe0908366.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cui P, Liu P, Li S, Ma R. De-epithelialized heterotopic tracheal allografts without immunosuppressants in dogs: Long-term results for cartilage viability and structural integrity. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021;130(5):441–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489420957357.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Wolf J, Brieu M, Zawadzki C, Ung A, Kipnis E, Jashari R, et al. Successful immunosuppressant-free heterotopic transplantation of tracheal allografts in the pig. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;52(2):248–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezx116.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Den Hondt M, Vanaudenaerde BM, Verbeken EK, Vranckx JJ. Tracheal tissue-engineering: In-vivo biocompatibility of mechanically-stripped allogenic rabbit trachea with autologous epithelial covering. Acta Chir Belg. 2016;116(3):164–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2016.1210844.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comments (0)

No login
gif