Abdallah CG, Averill LA, Krystal JH (2015) Ketamine as a promising prototype for a new generation of rapid-acting antidepressants. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1344(1):66–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12718

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aguilar DD, Radzik LK, Schiffino FL, Folorunso OO, Zielinski MR, Coyle JT et al (2021) Altered neural oscillations and behavior in a genetic mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction. Sci Rep 11(1):9031. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88428-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Al Shweiki MR, Oeckl P, Steinacker P, Barschke P, Dorner-Ciossek C, Hengerer B et al (2020) Proteomic analysis reveals a biosignature of decreased synaptic protein in cerebrospinal fluid of major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 10(1):144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0825-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Balu DT, Coyle JT (2015) The NMDA receptor ‘glycine modulatory site’ in schizophrenia: D-serine, glycine, and beyond. Curr Opin Pharmacol 20:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2014.12.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Balu DT, Pantazopoulos H, Huang CCY, Muszynski K, Harvey TL, Uno Y et al (2019) Neurotoxic astrocytes express the d-serine synthesizing enzyme, serine racemase, in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 130:104511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104511

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bardaweel SK, Alzweiri M, Ishaqat AA (2014) D-Serine in neurobiology: CNS neurotransmission and neuromodulation. Can J Neurol Sci 41(2):164–176. https://doi.org/10.1017/s031716710001653x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Basu AC, Tsai GE, Ma CL, Ehmsen JT, Mustafa AK, Han L et al (2009) Targeted disruption of serine racemase affects glutamatergic neurotransmission and behavior. Mol Psychiatry 14(7):719–727. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2008.130

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baumgart F, Mancheño JM, Rodríguez-Crespo I (2007) Insights into the activation of brain serine racemase by the multi-PDZ domain glutamate receptor interacting protein, divalent cations and ATP. Febs j 274(17):4561–4571. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05986.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beesley S, Sullenberger T, Ailani R, D’Orio C, Crockett MS, Kumar SS (2021) d-Serine Intervention In The Medial Entorhinal Area Alters TLE-Related Pathology In CA1 Hippocampus Via The Temporoammonic Pathway. Neuroscience 453:168–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.025

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beltrán-Castillo S, Triviño JJ, Eugenín J, von Bernhardi R (2020) TGFβ1-Smad3 signaling mediates the formation of a stable serine racemase dimer in microglia. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 1868(9):140447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140447

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bennett MR (2011) The prefrontal-limbic network in depression: Modulation by hypothalamus, basal ganglia and midbrain. Prog Neurobiol 93(4):468–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.01.006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bodner O, Radzishevsky I, Foltyn VN, Touitou A, Valenta AC, Rangel IF et al (2020) D-Serine Signaling and NMDAR-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity Are Regulated by System A-Type of Glutamine/D-Serine Dual Transporters. J Neurosci 40(34):6489–6502. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0801-20.2020

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Capitao LP, Forsyth J, Thomaidou MA, Condon MD, Harmer CJ, Burnet PW (2020) A single administration of ‘microbial’ D-alanine to healthy volunteers augments reaction to negative emotions: A comparison with D-serine. J Psychopharmacol 34(5):557–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881120908904

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cararo Lopes E, Shi F, Sawant A, Ibrahim M, Gomez-Jenkins M, Hu Z et al (2025) Respiration defects limit serine synthesis required for lung cancer growth and survival. Nat Commun 16(1):7621. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62911-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chang CH, Hsia YD, Liu WC, Lee JH, Lin CH, Lane HY (2025) Symptomatic and cognitive effects of D-amino acid oxidase inhibitors in patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials. Schizophrenia (Heidelb) 11(1):73. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41537-025-00604-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chatterton JE, Awobuluyi M, Premkumar LS, Takahashi H, Talantova M, Shin Y et al (2002) Excitatory glycine receptors containing the NR3 family of NMDA receptor subunits. Nature 415(6873):793–798. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature715

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi SR, Beitz AJ, Lee JH (2019) Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 Side-Chain Cleavage Attenuates the Development of Mechanical Allodynia by Reducing Spinal D-Serine Production in a Murine Model of Neuropathic Pain. Front Pharmacol 10:1439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.01439

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chumakov I, Blumenfeld M, Guerassimenko O, Cavarec L, Palicio M, Abderrahim H et al (2002) Genetic and physiological data implicating the new human gene G72 and the gene for D-amino acid oxidase in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(21):13675–13680. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.182412499

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Courtes AC, Jones GH, Henter ID, Shahani L, Fries GR, Juruena MF et al (2025) Blood-based biomarkers in ketamine treatment: A blueprint for translational drug development in mood disorders. J Affect Disord 390:120016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2025.120016

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Curcio L, Podda MV, Leone L, Piacentini R, Mastrodonato A, Cappelletti P et al (2013) Reduced D-serine levels in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-treated rats hinder the induction of NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity. Brain 136(Pt 4):1216–1230. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt036

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dai X, Zhou E, Yang W, Zhang X, Zhang W, Rao Y (2019) D-Serine made by serine racemase in Drosophila intestine plays a physiological role in sleep. Nat Commun 10(1):1986. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09544-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dave U, Khan S, Gomes J (2023) Characterization of E121K mutation of D-amino acid oxidase - Insights into mechanisms leading to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom 1871(6):140947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2023.140947

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Miranda J, Panizzutti R, Foltyn VN, Wolosker H (2002) Cofactors of serine racemase that physiologically stimulate the synthesis of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor coagonist D-serine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(22):14542–14547. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.222421299

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Diehl FF, Lewis CA, Fiske BP, Vander Heiden MG (2019) Cellular redox state constrains serine synthesis and nucleotide production to impact cell proliferation. Nat Metabolism 1(9):861–867. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42255-019-0108-x

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Feng Z, Li Y, Cai Y, Yang F, Zhou X, Feng M et al (2025) Correlation analysis between clinical effective emotional treatment and plasma N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function-related indexes. Front Neurosci 19:1608722. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2025.1608722

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fernandez-Espejo E, Ramiro-Fuentes S, Portavella M, Moreno-Paublete R (2008) Role for D-serine within the ventral tegmental area in the development of cocaine’s sensitization. Neuropsychopharmacology 33(5):995–1003. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301495

Article  CAS  PubMed