Manto M, Mariën P. Schmahmann’s syndrome - identification of the third cornerstone of clinical ataxiology. Cereb Ataxias. 2015;2(1):2.
Schmahmann J. The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain. 1998;121(4):561–79.
Schmahmann JD. From movement to thought: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing. Hum Brain Mapp. 1996;4(3):174–98.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Schmahmann JD. An emerging concept: the cerebellar contribution to higher function. Arch Neurol. 1991;48(11):1178.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Schmahmann JD, Guell X, Stoodley CJ, Halko MA. The theory and neuroscience of cerebellar cognition. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2019;42(1):337–64.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Schmahmann JD. The role of the cerebellum in affect and psychosis. J Neurolinguistics. 2000;13(2–3):189–214.
Hoche F, Guell X, Vangel MG, Sherman JC, Schmahmann JD. The cerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndrome scale. Brain. 2018;141(1):248–70.
Daly MP, Sherman JC, Schmahmann JD. The cerebellar neuropsychiatric rating scale. Cerebellum. 2025;24(2):56.
Burt AL, Daly MP, Sherman JC, Schmahmann JD, CRC-SCA. The cerebellar neuropsychiatric rating scale in the spinocerebellar ataxias. Cerebellum. 2025;24(4):94.
Karamazovova S, Matuskova V, Ismail Z, Vyhnalek M. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias and Friedreich ataxia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023;150:105205.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Bolton C, Lacy M. Comparison of cognitive profiles in spinocerebellar ataxia subtypes: a case series. Cereb Ataxias. 2019;6(1):13.
Kronemer SI, Slapik MB, Pietrowski JR, Margron MJ, Morgan OP, Bakker CC, et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as a reliable phenomenology of cerebellar ataxia. Cerebellum. 2021;20(2):141–50.
Schmahmann JD, Weilburg JB, Sherman JC. The neuropsychiatry of the cerebellum - insights from the clinic. Cerebellum. 2007;6(3):254–67.
Pless A, Ware D, Saggu S, Rehman H, Morgan J, Wang Q. Understanding neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: challenges and advances in diagnosis and treatment. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1263771.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Eikelboom WS, Singleton E, van den Berg E, Coesmans M, Mattace Raso F, van Bruchem RL, et al. Early recognition and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms to improve quality of life in early Alzheimer’s disease: protocol of the BEAT-IT study. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2019;11(1):48.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Eikelboom WS, Lazaar N, van Bruchem-Visser RL, Mattace-Raso FUS, Coesmans M, Ossenkoppele R, et al. The recognition and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in early Alzheimer’s disease: a qualitative study among Dutch memory clinic physicians. Psychogeriatrics. 2022;22(5):707–17.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hoche F, Guell X, Sherman JC, Vangel MG, Schmahmann JD. Cerebellar contribution to social cognition. Cerebellum. 2016;15(6):732–43.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schmahmann JD, Pierce S, MacMore J, L’Italien GJ. Development and validation of a patient-reported outcome measure of ataxia. Mov Disord. 2021;11:28670.
PROMIS®. PROMIS instrument development and validation scientific standards, version 2.0. 2013. Accessed 2025 Oct. https://www.healthmeasures.net/images/PROMIS/PROMISStandards_Vers2.0_Final.pdf
Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–81.
Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O’Neal L, et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019;95:103208.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Klockgether T. The natural history of degenerative ataxia: a retrospective study in 466 patients. Brain. 1998;121(4):589–600.
Subramony SH, May W, Lynch D, Gomez C, Fischbeck K, Hallett M, et al. Measuring Friedreich ataxia: interrater reliability of a neurologic rating scale. Neurology. 2005;64(7):1261–2.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Roth R, Isquith P, Gioia G. Behavior rating inventory of executive function - adult version (BRIEF-A). Archives of clinical neuropsychology. 2005.
Achenbach T, Rescorla L. Manual for the ASEBA adult forms & profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families; 2003.
Constantino JN, Gruber CP. Social responsiveness scale, second edition (SRS-2). Western Psychological Services. 2012.
Cummings JL. The neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire: background and administration [Internet]. NPItest.net; 1994. Accessed 2025 Oct. https://www.dementiaresearch.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/NPI-Q_cr.pdf.
Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, Rosenberg-Thompson S, Carusi D, Gornbein J. The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44:2308–14.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Kaufer DI, Cummings JL, Ketchel P, Smith V, MacMillan A, Shelley T, et al. Validation of the NPI-Q, a brief clinical form of the neuropsychiatric inventory. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2000;12(2):233–9.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Unal I. Defining an optimal cut-point value in ROC analysis: an alternative approach. Comput Math Methods Med. 2017;2017:1–14.
Andresen EM. Criteria for assessing the tools of disability outcomes research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81(12 SUPPL. 2):15–20.
Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. The assessment of reliability. In: Psychometric Theory. 1994; p. 248–92.
Portney LG. Foundations in clinical research: applications to evidence-based practice, 4e [Internet]. 4th ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2020. Accessed 2025 Apr 2. https://fadavispt.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=2885#243179743.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP23-07-01-006, NSDUH Series H-58) [Internet]. Rockville, MD: Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2023. Accessed 2025 Nov 11. https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2022-nsduh-annual-national-report.
Bosman RC, Ten Have M, De Graaf R, Muntingh AD, Van Balkom AJ, Batelaan NM. Prevalence and course of subthreshold anxiety disorder in the general population: a three-year follow-up study. J Affect Disord. 2019;247:105–13.
Rodríguez MR, Nuevo R, Chatterji S, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Definitions and factors associated with subthreshold depressive conditions: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12(1):181.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Johnson JCS, Byrne GJ, Pelecanos AM. The prevalence of subthreshold psychiatric symptoms and associations with alcohol and substance use disorders: from a nationally representative survey of 36,309 adults. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22(1):270.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Karamazovova S, Stovickova L, Jester DJ, Matuskova V, Paulasova-Schwabova J, Kuzmiak M, et al. Exploring neuropsychiatric symptoms in Friedreich ataxia. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):29076.
Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar
Hirschfeld RMA. The comorbidity of major depression and anxiety disorders: recognition and management in primary care. Prim care companion CNS Disord [Internet]. 2001;3(6). Accessed 2025 Nov 4. https://www.psychiatrist.com/pcc/comorbidity-major-depression-anxiety-disorders-recognition.
Batelaan NM, Spijker J, De Graaf R, Cuijpers P. Mixed anxiety depression should not be included in DSM-5: the journal of nervous and mental disease. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012;200(6):495–8.
Michelini G, Eley TC, Gregory AM, McAdams TA. Aetiological overlap between anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity symptom dimensions in adolescence. Child Psychology Psychiatry. 2015;56(4):423–31.
Comments (0)