Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, et al. Heart disease and stroke stastistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139:e56–e528.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Libby P, Buring JE, Badimon L, Hansson GK, Deanfield J, Bittencourt MS, et al. Atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2019;5:56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu Y, Xian X, Wang Z, Bi Y, Chen Q, Han X, et al. Research progress on the relationship between atherosclerosis and inflammation. Biomolecules. 2018;8:80.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gimbrone MA Jr, García-Cardeña G. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2016;118:620–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Libby P, Ridker PM, Hansson GK. Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature. 2011;473:317–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haverich A. A Surgeon’s view on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2017;135:205–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Libby P. Inflammation during the life cycle of the atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117:2525–36.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moore KJ, Tabas I. Macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cell. 2011;145:341–55.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clement M, Guedj K, Andreata F, Morvan M, Bey L, Khallou-Laschet J, et al. Control of the T follicular helper-germinal center B-cell axis by CD8+ regulatory T cells limits atherosclerosis and tertiary lymphoid organ development. Circulation. 2015;131:560–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Libby P. The changing landscape of atherosclerosis. Nature. 2021;592:524–33.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Finn AV, Gold HK, Tulenko TN, et al. Atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability to rupture–angiogenesis as a source of intraplaque hemorrhage. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2054–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moore KJ, Sheedy FJ, Fisher EA. Macrophages in atherosclerosis: a dynamic balance. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13:709–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Olejarz W, Łacheta D, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G. Matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque instability. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:3946.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Newby AC. Metalloproteinases promote plaque rupture and myocardial infarction: a persuasive concept waiting for clinical translation. Matrix Biol. 2015;44:157–66.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang L, Zhou X, Guo R, Shi Y, Liang X, Heng X. Role of Krüppel-like factor 2 and protease-activated receptor-1 in vulnerable plaques of ApoE−/− mice and intervention with statin. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:997–1005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Batlle E, Sancho E, Francí C, Domínguez D, Monfar M, Baulida J, et al. The transcription factor Snail is a repressor of E-cadherin gene expression in epithelial tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2000;2:84–89.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cano A, Pérez-Moreno MA, Rodrigo I, Locascio A, Blanco MJ, del Barrio MG, et al. The transcription factor Snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression. Nat Cell Biol. 2000;2:76–83.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nieto MA. Epithelial plasticity: a common theme in embryonic and cancer cells. Science. 2013;342:1234850.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thiery JP, Acloque H, Huang RY, Nieto MA. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease. Cell. 2009;139:871–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ni T, Li XY, Lu N, An T, Liu ZP, Fu R, et al. Snail1-dependent p53 repression regulates expansion and activity of tumour-initiating cells in breast cancer. Nat Cell Biol. 2016;18:1221–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kielbik M, Przygodzka P, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Snail transcription factors as key regulators of chemoresistance, stemness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2023;1878:189003.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grande MT, Sánchez-Laorden B, López-Blau C, De Frutos CA, Boutet A, Arévalo M, et al. Snail-induced partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition drives renal fibrosis in mice and can be targeted to reverse established disease. Nat Med. 2015;21:989–97.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carver EA, Jiang R, Lan Y, Oram KF, Gridley T. The mouse Snail gene encodes a key regulator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell Biol. 2001;21:8184–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murray SA, Gridley T. Snail family genes are required for left-right asymmetry determination, but not neural crest formation, in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:10300–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lomelí H, Starling C, Gridley T. Epiblast-specific Snai1 deletion results in embryonic lethality due to multiple vascular defects. BMC Res. Notes. 2009;2:22.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wu ZQ, Rowe RG, Lim KC, Lin Y, Willis A, Tang Y, et al. A Snail1/Notch1 signalling axis controls embryonic vascular development. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3998.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li C, Qu L, Matz AJ, Murphy PA, Liu Y, Manichaikul AW, et al. AtheroSpectrum reveals novel macrophage foam cell gene signatures associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2022;145:206–18.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Döring Y, Manthey HD, Drechsler M, Lievens D, Megens RT, Soehnlein O, et al. Auto-antigenic protein-DNA complexes stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells to promote atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2012;125:1673–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nam D, Ni CW, Rezvan A, Suo J, Budzyn K, Llanos A, et al. Partial carotid ligation is a model of acutely induced disturbed flow, leading to rapid endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;297:H1535–H1543.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Souilhol C, Serbanovic-Canic J, Fragiadaki M, Chico TJ, Ridger V, Roddie H, et al. Endothelial responses to shear stress in atherosclerosis: a novel role for developmental genes. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17:52–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siasos G, Sara JD, Zaromytidou M, Park KH, Coskun AU, Lerman LO, et al. Local low shear stress and endothelial dysfunction in patients with nonobstructive coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71:2092–102.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar