Competing interests

Authors’ Disclosure: LG: none. AB: none. TH: none. KG: consulting relationships with Boston Scientific, Olympus, Ambu, Karl Storz, and Coloplast. PI of research grants from Boston Scientific, Coloplast, and Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute. WR: consulting relationships with Boston Scientific and Calyxo. PI of research grants from Boston Scientific.

Ethical approval

Protocol #PRO00011689 was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) for this research, and all experiments were performed in compliance with IACUC guidelines.

Disclaimer

The prototype Fluid Management System used during in vivo experiments was a concept device further developed into the Asurys™ Fluid Management System, which is pending 510(k) clearance and not yet available for sale.