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Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage
ICH presents in a similar way to an ischaemic stroke, with a neurological deficit in the affected area of the brain.Theref...
Targeted temperature management in acute brain injury
Fever is frequently observed in patients with severe acute brain injury (SABI). Around half of these episodes will have an...
Intensive care management of encephalitis
Encephalitis has been defined as inflammation of the brain parenchyma resulting in neurologic dysfunction. Incidence is ap...
Anaesthesia for neurosurgery: an update
Neurosurgery is a dynamic field encompassing a wide range of procedures involving the cranium and spinal cord, alongside r...
Principles of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring and anaesthetic considerations
Surgery to the nervous system poses risks to neural structures be that mechanical, haemodynamical, chemical or thermal. Th...
The transition to life outside the womb: a review of neonatal physiology
The intrauterine environment is tailored to support fetal development. The placenta supplies oxygen, nutrients and essenti...
General principles of paediatric anaesthesia
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Regional anaesthetic techniques for paediatric surgery
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Procedural sedation for children: principles and practice
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Crystalloids, colloids, blood and blood products and substitutes
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Neuraxial analgesia in labour – initiation and maintenance techniques
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Pre-eclampsia – anaesthetic considerations
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Pancreatitis: critical care update
Pancreatitis: critical care update
Acute pancreatitis affects around 56/100,000 population in the UK.1 The majority of patients present with an acute disease...
Intensive care unit-acquired weakness
Intensive care unit-acquired weakness
The first subtype of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) – critical illness polyneuropathy – was first described...
Gastrointestinal problems in intensive care
Gastrointestinal problems in intensive care
Mechanical GI obstruction presents with nausea, regurgitation or vomiting, increased gastric residual volume (GRV), abdomi...
Decompensated liver cirrhosis
Decompensated liver cirrhosis
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Temperature measurement
Temperature measurement
The terms heat and temperature are two distinct but closely related concepts. The core difference between heat and tempera...
Nutritional support in the critically ill
Nutritional support in the critically ill
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Anaesthesia for shoulder surgery – phrenic nerve-sparing techniques
Anaesthesia for shoulder surgery – phrenic nerve-sparing techniques
When conservative treatment, including rest, oral analgesics and physiotherapy, fail to manage shoulder pain, surgical tre...
Regional anaesthesia for orthopaedic procedures
Regional anaesthesia for orthopaedic procedures
Regional anaesthesia has found its uses in many aspects of orthopaedic surgery including, more recently, spine surgery. Ne...
Anaesthesia for joint replacement surgery
Anaesthesia for joint replacement surgery
Joint replacement surgery aims to reduce pain, improve mobility and quality of life. Demand for such surgeries, particular...
Anaesthesia for fractured neck of femur
Anaesthesia for fractured neck of femur
Fracture of the femoral neck is a serious and costly injury in older adults and is a substantial cause of morbidity and mo...
Perioperative transthoracic echocardiography applications in orthogeriatric patients
Perioperative transthoracic echocardiography applications in orthogeriatric patients
The combination of low birth rate and greater life expectancy has created an ageing population exposed to orthopaedic trau...
Physics of gases
Physics of gases
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Measurement of gas flow and volume
Measurement of gas flow and volume
The ability to accurately and precisely measure volume and flow of gases is a fundamental component in the safe practice o...
Central venous and pulmonary artery catheters
Central venous and pulmonary artery catheters
The PAC, invented by Jeremy Swan and William Ganz in 1970, is a 150cm-long, balloon-tipped catheter inserted into a large ...
Humidity
Humidity
Before embarking on a discussion of humidity and humidification, a number of key physical principles must first be defined...
Physics of ultrasound
Physics of ultrasound
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Drugs used to treat joint and muscle disease
Drugs used to treat joint and muscle disease
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Anaesthesia for plastic and reconstructive surgery
Anaesthesia for plastic and reconstructive surgery
Plastic reconstructive surgeries involving flap reconstruction and microvascular anastomosis are technically demanding. Co...
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