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The Electronic Health Record as the Primary Data Source in a Pragmatic Trial: A Case Study
The Electronic Health Record as the Primary Data Source in a Pragmatic Trial: A Case Study
Introduction. Pragmatic clinical trials test interventions in patients representative of real-world medical practice and r...
Physicians under Pressure: Evidence from Antibiotics Prescribing in England
Physicians under Pressure: Evidence from Antibiotics Prescribing in England
BackgroundMany physicians are experiencing increasing demands from both their patients and society. Evidence is scarce on ...
Prioritizing Research in an Era of Personalized Medicine: The Potential Value of Unexplained Heterogeneity
Prioritizing Research in an Era of Personalized Medicine: The Potential Value of Unexplained Heterogeneity
BackgroundClinical care is moving from a “one size fits all” approach to a setting in which treatment decisions are based ...
Calculating Expected Value of Sample Information Adjusting for Imperfect Implementation
Calculating Expected Value of Sample Information Adjusting for Imperfect Implementation
BackgroundThe expected value of sample information (EVSI) calculates the value of collecting additional information throug...
An Efficient Method for Computing Expected Value of Sample Information for Survival Data from an Ongoing Trial
An Efficient Method for Computing Expected Value of Sample Information for Survival Data from an Ongoing Trial
BackgroundDecisions about new health technologies are increasingly being made while trials are still in an early stage, wh...
A Revised Framework to Evaluate the Consistency Assumption Globally in a Network of Interventions
A Revised Framework to Evaluate the Consistency Assumption Globally in a Network of Interventions
BackgroundThe unrelated mean effects (UME) model has been proposed for evaluating the consistency assumption globally in t...
Perceived Social Norms Guide Health Care Decisions for Oneself and Others: A Cross-Sectional Experiment in a US Online Panel
Perceived Social Norms Guide Health Care Decisions for Oneself and Others: A Cross-Sectional Experiment in a US Online Panel
Background:Global aging has increased the reliance on surrogates to make health care decisions for others. We investigated...
Exploring Structural Uncertainty and Impact of Health State Utility Values on Lifetime Outcomes in Diabetes Economic Simulation Models: Findings from the Ninth Mount Hood Diabetes Quality-of-Life Challenge
Exploring Structural Uncertainty and Impact of Health State Utility Values on Lifetime Outcomes in Diabetes Economic Simulation Models: Findings from the Ninth Mount Hood Diabetes Quality-of-Life Challenge
BackgroundStructural uncertainty can affect model-based economic simulation estimates and study conclusions. Unfortunately...
Can Machine Learning from Real-World Data Support Drug Treatment Decisions? A Prediction Modeling Case for Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Can Machine Learning from Real-World Data Support Drug Treatment Decisions? A Prediction Modeling Case for Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Background:Decision making for the “best” treatment is particularly challenging in situations in which individual patient ...
Expected Value of Sample Information to Guide the Design of Group Sequential Clinical Trials
Expected Value of Sample Information to Guide the Design of Group Sequential Clinical Trials
IntroductionAdaptive designs allow changes to an ongoing trial based on prespecified early examinations of accrued data. O...
Translating Evidence Updates to International Standards: Is More Certainty Needed for International Standards on Decision Aids?
Translating Evidence Updates to International Standards: Is More Certainty Needed for International Standards on Decision Aids?
1. Stacey, D, Volk, RJ, Leads, IEU. The International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration: evidence updat...
Measuring What Matters: Little Evidence Supporting the Content Validity of EQ-5D in People with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Their Caregivers
Measuring What Matters: Little Evidence Supporting the Content Validity of EQ-5D in People with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Their Caregivers
1. Crossnohere, NL, Fischer, R, Lloyd, A, Prosser, LA, Bridges, JF. Assessing the appropriateness of the EQ-5D for Duchenn...
Authors’ Response to Comment on “Assessing the Appropriateness of the EQ-5D for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Patient-Centered Study”
Authors’ Response to Comment on “Assessing the Appropriateness of the EQ-5D for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Patient-Centered Study”
1. Powell, PA, Carlton, J, Rowen, D, et al. Measuring what matters: little evidence supporting the content validity of EQ-...
Shared Decision Making in Health Care: Theoretical Perspectives for Why It Works and For Whom
Shared Decision Making in Health Care: Theoretical Perspectives for Why It Works and For Whom
Applying both theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence, we address 2 key questions regarding shared decision making...
A Value-of-Information Framework for Personalizing the Timing of Surveillance Testing
A Value-of-Information Framework for Personalizing the Timing of Surveillance Testing
BackgroundPatient surveillance using repeated biomarker measurements presents an opportunity to detect and treat disease p...
A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery
A Game Theoretic Analysis of Competition Between Vaccine and Drug Companies during Disease Contraction and Recovery
BackgroundInfectious diseases such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS are behaviorally challenging for persons, vaccine and drug com...
Fostering Patient Choice Awareness and Presenting Treatment Options Neutrally: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Effect on Perceived Room for Involvement in Decision Making
Fostering Patient Choice Awareness and Presenting Treatment Options Neutrally: A Randomized Trial to Assess the Effect on Perceived Room for Involvement in Decision Making
PurposeShared decision making calls for clinician communication strategies that aim to foster choice awareness and to pres...
The Use of Expert Elicitation among Computational Modeling Studies in Health Research: A Systematic Review
The Use of Expert Elicitation among Computational Modeling Studies in Health Research: A Systematic Review
BackgroundExpert elicitation (EE) has been used across disciplines to estimate input parameters for computational modeling...
Quantifying the Impact of Capacity Constraints in Economic Evaluations: An Application in Precision Medicine
Quantifying the Impact of Capacity Constraints in Economic Evaluations: An Application in Precision Medicine
BackgroundExamples of precision medicine are complex interventions featuring both testing and treatment components. Becaus...
Key Factors in Decision Making for ECLS: A Binational Factorial Survey
Key Factors in Decision Making for ECLS: A Binational Factorial Survey
BackgroundExtracorporeal life support (ECLS) provides support to patients with cardiopulmonary failure refractory to conve...
Estimating Treatment-Switching Bias in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Ovarian Cancer Treatment: Combining Causal Inference with Decision-Analytic Modeling
Estimating Treatment-Switching Bias in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Ovarian Cancer Treatment: Combining Causal Inference with Decision-Analytic Modeling
BackgroundBevacizumab is efficacious in delaying ovarian cancer progression and controlling ascites. The ICON7 trial showe...
Model-Based ROC Curve: Examining the Effect of Case Mix and Model Calibration on the ROC Plot
Model-Based ROC Curve: Examining the Effect of Case Mix and Model Calibration on the ROC Plot
BackgroundThe performance of risk prediction models is often characterized in terms of discrimination and calibration. The...
Generating, Presenting, and Interpreting Cost-Effectiveness Results in the Context of Uncertainty: A Tutorial for Deeper Knowledge and Better Practice
Generating, Presenting, and Interpreting Cost-Effectiveness Results in the Context of Uncertainty: A Tutorial for Deeper Knowledge and Better Practice
This tutorial aims to help make the best available methods for generating and presenting cost-effectiveness results with u...
Risk Stratification in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Cancer Screening: Intervention Eligibility, Strategy Choice, and Optimality
Risk Stratification in Cost-Effectiveness Analyses of Cancer Screening: Intervention Eligibility, Strategy Choice, and Optimality
IntroductionThere is increasing interest in risk-stratified approaches to cancer screening in cost-effectiveness analysis ...
Development and Validation of a Discrete Event Simulation Model to Evaluate the Cardiovascular Impact of Population Policies for Obesity
Development and Validation of a Discrete Event Simulation Model to Evaluate the Cardiovascular Impact of Population Policies for Obesity
IntroductionOur aim was to describe the development and validation of an obesity model representing the cardiovascular ris...
Relationships among Antecedents, Processes, and Outcomes for Shared Decision Making: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease
Relationships among Antecedents, Processes, and Outcomes for Shared Decision Making: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease
BackgroundAmong musculoskeletal disorders, lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) is the leading cause of total disability-adju...
Evaluating Risk-Stratified HPV Catch-up Vaccination Strategies: Should We Go beyond Age 26?
Evaluating Risk-Stratified HPV Catch-up Vaccination Strategies: Should We Go beyond Age 26?
BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. HPV can cause...
Preparing Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer to Participate in Clinical Appointments Using a Shared Decision Making Training Video
Preparing Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancer to Participate in Clinical Appointments Using a Shared Decision Making Training Video
BackgroundRates of shared decision making (SDM) are relatively low in early stage prostate cancer decisions, as patients’ ...
Recalibration Methods for Improved Clinical Utility of Risk Scores
Recalibration Methods for Improved Clinical Utility of Risk Scores
BackgroundAn established risk model may demonstrate miscalibration, meaning predicted risks do not accurately capture even...
Defensive Medicine Practices: Scale Development and Validation
Defensive Medicine Practices: Scale Development and Validation
AimDefensive medicine refers to practices with low marginal benefit to patients that doctors may undertake to protect them...
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