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Ectopic craniopharyngiomas
Volume 39, Issue 5, September 2025, 102047Author links open overlay panel, , , Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare embryonic...
Special considerations of hyponatremia in the elderly patient
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in both inpatient and outpatient settings, with risk increasing marke...
New potential treatment options for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
Available online 8 October 2025, 102055Author links open overlay panelThe syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is...
Diagnostic algorithm of hyponatremia
Hyponatremia is defined as plasma sodium concentration below 135 mmol/L. It is the most common electrolyte disorder, affec...
Hyponatraemic encephalopathy
Available online 15 October 2025, 102062Author links open overlay panel, The most important clinical feature of hyponatrae...
Thiazide-induced hyponatremia
Available online 17 October 2025, 102063Author links open overlay panel, , , , Thiazide diuretics are widely used antihype...
Pathophysiology and aetiologies of hypernatremia
Hypernatremia, defined as a serum sodium concentration greater than 145 mEq/L, is one of the most common and clinically si...
Diagnosis and treatment of hypernatremia
Plasma sodium concentration is the main determinant of plasma osmolality and as such, it is maintained within a narrow phy...
Hyponatraemia and cancer
As already mentioned, the aetiology of hyponatraemia in cancer is multifaceted (Figure 1). SIAD due to ectopic arginine va...
Treatment of chronic hyponatremia and controversy about osmotic demyelination syndrome
Available online 6 November 2025, 102067Author links open overlay panelTreatment of chronic hyponatremia requires careful ...
Diagnosis of gestational diabetes: Evidence and pitfalls
Volume 39, Issue 6, December 2025, 102069Author links open overlay panel, , , , Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defin...
The role of continuous glucose monitoring in the diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus
Volume 39, Issue 6, December 2025, 102060Author links open overlay panel, , Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the mos...
Preconception use of GLP-1 and GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists for obesity treatment
Volume 39, Issue 6, December 2025, 102038Author links open overlay panel, , Obesity is rising among women of reproductive ...
Treatment of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: Do we need to use metformin?
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), once a disease primarily diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly adults, is increasingly affecting peo...
Outcomes of pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes
Pregnancy induces profound metabolic changes that affect both maternal and fetal physiology. Early gestation is characteri...
Use of advanced technology for the treatment of type 1 diabetes in pregnancy
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes [1], [2]...
Addressing the social determinants of adverse outcomes in pregestational diabetes
Volume 39, Issue 6, December 2025, 102050Author links open overlay panel, , , , Diabetes is among the most prevalent chron...
The treatment of acute symptomatic hyponatraemia in the hospital setting
Acute symptomatic hyponatraemia results in potentially fatal cerebral oedema, whereas overly rapid correction of hyponatra...
Localization in primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism is the main cause of hypercalcemia, resulting predominantly from parathyroid adenomas followed...
Parathyroid carcinoma: New insights
Volume 39, Issue 2, March 2025, 101966Author links open overlay panel, , , , Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignan...
Persistence and Recurrence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Persistent and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) represent significant challenges in the management of PHPT. Pe...
Pregnancy with primary hyperparathyroidism
Sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is primarily a disorder of post-menopausal women [1], [2], [3]. Hence, the inc...
Adolescent primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), characterized by autonomous parathormone (PTH) secretion from one or more parathyroid ...
Molecular basis of symptomatic sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism: New frontiers in pathogenesis
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder that is associated with inappropriately elevated parathy...
Heritable hyperparathyroidism: Genetic insights and clinical implications
Familial or heritable hyperparathyroidism (FHPT) is seen in approximately 10–15 % of patients with primary hyperparathyroi...
Congenital primary hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a constitutive excess of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the blood, caused by an idiopathic de...
Pituitary dysfunction due to sports injuries
Participation in sports activities has many benefits, not only on physical well-being, but also social, emotional and ment...
Epidemiology and risk factors for hypopituitarism due to traumatic brain injury
Hypopituitarism which is defined as partial or complete deficiency/deficiencies of anterior and/or posterior pituitary hor...
Metabolic complications and their mechanisms in patients with craniopharyngioma
Craniopharyngiomas (CP) are rare embryonal tumors of low-grade histological malignancy, located in the sellar/para- and su...
Growth hormone replacement therapy in childhood-onset craniopharyngioma
Available online 17 April 2025, 101998Author links open overlay panel, , Tumour- or treatment related growth hormone (GH) ...
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