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Gut mucosal immune responses – Implications for celiac disease and food allergy
The intestinal mucosa, with its extensive surface area estimated at 32 m² [1], is continuously exposed to a vast range of ...
HBV antigen as a tumour antigen in adoptive TCR-T cell therapy for HBV-related HCC: rationale and clinical effectiveness
Hepatocellular carcinoma developing in patients with HBV chronic infection are marked by expression of whole or partial HB...
Unlocking IL-18: A hidden key in cancer immunity
The IL-1 family comprises 11 cytokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-18, IL-33, and IL-36...
Interleukin-1β and cancer immune response
IL-1β belongs to the IL-1 family and has the particularity to need to be cleaved by caspase-1 to be active. Once processed...
Oncolytic virotherapy: Sparking durable anti-tumor immunity through microenvironment modulation
Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a novel approach to cancer treatment that utilizes viruses to infect and destroy tumor cell...
Latest insights into oncolytic viro-immunotherapy with vesicular stomatitis virus
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a rhabdovirus with intrinsic oncolytic properties, has emerged as a promising candidate ...
Reovirus oncolysis and the next frontiers for this unique oncoviral immunotherapy
Mammalian Orthoreoviruses were first isolated in the 1950s from the stool samples of healthy children in Mexico and Cincin...
Antiviral humoral immunity: Enemy or ally of viral immunotherapy?
Oncolytic viruses are gaining traction as novel cancer immunotherapy tools given their ability to selectively target trans...
Three’s company: The cooperative signals behind the differentiation of Th9 cells
CD4+ T cells play a dual role in the immune system where they act as both “helper” and “effector” cells. In their helper r...
TH9 cells and interleukin-9 in parasitic infections: Updates, opportunities, and challenges
In recent years, the role of IL-9 has gained attention in several immunological contexts; however, it has not been possibl...
Editorial: Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system
All content on this site: Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V., its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, includ...
Therapeutic immune tolerance for central nervous system autoimmune diseases – Prospects, challenges and pitfalls
Autoimmune diseases affect 5 % of individuals in developed countries and hence comprise an important factor in health care...
Neurotransmitters: Key regulators of the tumor immune microenvironment
Neurotransmitters, as crucial signaling molecules in the nervous system, have long been considered primarily responsible f...
Targeting immune heterogeneity in liver metastases through in vivo genetic engineering
The unique immunological milieu of the liver offers a favorable niche for metastatic formation. Among primary tumors, colo...
IL-1 family members as regulators of lymphoid type-2 immunity in cancer
Inflammation was initially recognized as an “enabling characteristic” [1] and more recently a “hallmark” [2] of cancer, an...
The role of non-cancer cell infections in oncolytic virus therapy
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is an approach to treating cancer in which patients are infused with live viruses, either nat...
New insights into Th9 cells in inflammatory bowel diseases
The involvement of T helper cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ...
Diverse IL-9-secreting T helper cells direct responses in the allergic lung
IL-9 promotes airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mast cell expansion, and antibody-mediated inflammation through in...
Emerging roles of IL-9 and Th9 cells in respiratory viral illnesses
Cytokines drive CD4⁺ T cells differentiation into specialized subsets of helper T (Th) cells such as Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th...
The spatial and single-cell landscape of skin: Charting the multiscale regulation of skin immune function
The skin is our largest organ and serves as the primary barrier against infection and injury. Studies leveraging classical...
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): Insights into pathogenesis and biomarkers of prognosis
Volume 78, June 2025, 101944Author links open overlay panel, AbstractMOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), an inflammat...
The immunological processes behind aquaporin 4-antibody seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Volume 78, June 2025, 101945Author links open overlay panel, , AbstractEver since the discovery of pathogenic aquaporin 4-...
The role of the adaptive immune system in the initiation and persistence of multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which complex net...
From immunobiology to intervention: Pathophysiology of autoimmune encephalitis
Volume 78, June 2025, 101955Author links open overlay panel, , , AbstractAutoimmune encephalitides (AEs) are neurological ...
The pathogenesis of neurological immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has ...
Unraveling the pathophysiology of narcolepsy type 1 through hypothesis-driven and hypothesis-generating approaches
The first clinical reports of chronic excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) with abrupt loss of muscle tone date back to the ...
Interferon regulatory factor 3 beyond innate immunity: Regulation in obesity and metabolic disorders
Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor known primarily for its role in antiviral immunity via reg...
Immune dysregulation of diabetes in tuberculosis
Volume 78, June 2025, 101959Author links open overlay panel, , , , AbstractThe rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM)...
Individual- and population-associated heterogeneity in vaccine-induced immune responses. The impact of inflammatory status and diabetic comorbidity
Volume 78, June 2025, 101964Author links open overlay panelHighlights•Vaccine-induced immune responses are heterogeneous.•...
Endogenous glucocorticoids and human immunity: Time to revisit old dogmas
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones with a broad range of physiologic actions. They are an important component of t...
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